1 When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language;
2 Judah was his sanctuary, and Israel his dominion.
3 The sea saw it, and fled: Jordan was driven back.
4 The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like lambs.
5 What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou fleddest? thou Jordan, that thou wast driven back?
6 Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams; and ye little hills, like lambs?
7 Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob;
8 Which turned the rock into a standing water, the flint into a fountain of waters.
1 When Israel H3478 went out H3318 of Egypt, H4714 the house H1004 of Jacob H3290 from a people H5971 of strange language; H3937
2 Judah H3063 was his sanctuary, H6944 and Israel H3478 his dominion. H4475
3 The sea H3220 saw H7200 it, and fled: H5127 Jordan H3383 was driven H5437 back. H268
4 The mountains H2022 skipped H7540 like rams, H352 and the little hills H1389 like lambs. H1121 H6629
5 What ailed thee, O thou sea, H3220 that thou fleddest? H5127 thou Jordan, H3383 that thou wast driven H5437 back? H268
6 Ye mountains, H2022 that ye skipped H7540 like rams; H352 and ye little hills, H1389 like lambs? H1121 H6629
7 Tremble, H2342 thou earth, H776 at the presence H6440 of the Lord, H113 at the presence H6440 of the God H433 of Jacob; H3290
8 Which turned H2015 the rock H6697 into a standing H98 water, H4325 the flint H2496 into a fountain H4599 of waters. H4325
1 When Israel went forth out of Egypt, The house of Jacob from a people of strange language;
2 Judah became his sanctuary, Israel his dominion.
3 The sea saw it, and fled; The Jordan was driven back.
4 The mountains skipped like rams, The little hills like lambs.
5 What aileth thee, O thou sea, that thou fleest? Thou Jordan, that thou turnest back?
6 Ye mountains, that ye skip like rams; Ye little hills, like lambs?
7 Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord, At the presence of the God of Jacob,
8 Who turned the rock into a pool of water, The flint into a fountain of waters.
1 In the going out of Israel from Egypt, The house of Jacob from a strange people,
2 Judah became His sanctuary, Israel his dominion.
3 The sea hath seen, and fleeth, The Jordan turneth backward.
4 The mountains have skipped as rams, Heights as sons of a flock.
5 What -- to thee, O sea, that thou fleest? O Jordan, thou turnest back!
6 O mountains, ye skip as rams! O heights, as sons of a flock!
7 From before the Lord be afraid, O earth, From before the God of Jacob,
8 He is turning the rock to a pool of waters, The flint to a fountain of waters!
1 When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language,
2 Judah was his sanctuary, Israel his dominion.
3 The sea saw it and fled, the Jordan turned back;
4 The mountains skipped like rams, the hills like lambs.
5 What ailed thee, thou sea, that thou fleddest? thou Jordan, that thou turnedst back?
6 Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams? ye hills, like lambs?
7 Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the +God of Jacob,
8 Who turned the rock into a pool of water, the flint into a fountain of waters.
1 When Israel went forth out of Egypt, The house of Jacob from a people of foreign language;
2 Judah became his sanctuary, Israel his dominion.
3 The sea saw it, and fled. The Jordan was driven back.
4 The mountains skipped like rams, The little hills like lambs.
5 What was it, you sea, that you fled? You Jordan, that you turned back?
6 You mountains, that you skipped like rams; You little hills, like lambs?
7 Tremble, you earth, at the presence of the Lord, At the presence of the God of Jacob,
8 Who turned the rock into a pool of water, The flint into a spring of waters.
1 When Israel came out of Egypt, the children of Jacob from a people whose language was strange to them;
2 Judah became his holy place, and Israel his kingdom.
3 The sea saw it, and went in flight; Jordan was turned back.
4 The mountains were jumping like goats, and the little hills like lambs.
5 What was wrong with you, O sea, that you went in flight? O Jordan, that you were turned back?
6 You mountains, why were you jumping like goats, and you little hills like lambs?
7 Be troubled, O earth, before the Lord, before the God of Jacob;
8 Who made the rock into a water-spring, and the hard stone into a fountain.
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Keil & Delitzsch Commentary » Commentary on Psalms 114
Commentary on Psalms 114 Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
Commotion of Nature before God the Redeemer out of Egypt
To the side of the general Hallelujah Psalms 113:1-9 comes an historical one, which is likewise adorned in Psalms 114:8 with the Chirek compaginis , and still further with Cholem compaginis , and is the festival Psalm of the eighth Passover day in the Jewish ritual. The deeds of God at the time of the Exodus are here brought together to form a picture in miniature which is as majestic as it is charming. There are four tetrastichs, which pass by with the swiftness of a bird as it were with four flappings of its wings. The church sings this Psalm in a tonus peregrinus distinct from the eight Psalm-tones.
Egypt is called עם לעז (from לעז , cogn. לעג , לעה ), because the people spoke a language unintelligible to Israel (Psalms 81:6), and as it were a stammering language. The lxx, and just so the Targum, renders ἐκ λαοῦ βαρβάρου (from the Sanscrit barbaras , just as onomatopoetic as balbus , cf. Fleischer in Levy's Chaldäisches Wörterbuch , i. 420). The redeemed nation is called Judah , inasmuch as God made it His sanctuary ( קדשׁ ) by setting up His sanctuary ( מקדּשׁ , Exodus 15:17) in the midst of it, for Jerusalem ( el ḳuds ) as Benjamitish Judaean, and from the time of David was accounted directly as Judaean. In so far, however, as He made this people His kingdom ( ממשׁלותיו , an amplificative plural with Mem pathachatum ), by placing Himself in the relation of King ( Deuteronomy 33:5) to the people of possession which by a revealed law He established characteristically as His own, it is called Israel . 1 The predicate takes the form ותּהי , for peoples together with country and city are represented as feminine (cf. Jeremiah 8:5). The foundation of that new beginning in connection with the history of redemption was laid amidst majestic wonders, inasmuch as nature was brought into service, co-operating and sympathizing in the work (cf. Psalms 77:15.). The dividing of the sea opens, and the dividing of the Jordan closes, the journey through the desert to Canaan. The sea stood aside, Jordan halted and was dammed up on the north in order that the redeemed people might pass through. And in the middle, between these great wonders of the exodus from Egypt and the entrance into Canaan, arises the not less mighty wonder of the giving of the Law: the skipping of the mountains like rams, of the ills like בּני־צאן , i.e., lambs (Wisd. 19:9), depicts the quaking of Sinai and its environs (Exodus 19:18, cf. supra Psalms 68:9, and on the figure Psalms 29:6).
The poet, when he asks, “What aileth thee, O sea, that thou fleest...?” lives and moves in this olden time as a contemporary, or the present and the olden time as it were flow together to his mind; hence the answer he himself gives to the question propounded takes the form of a triumphant mandate. The Lord, the God of Jacob, thus mighty in wondrous works, it is before whom the earth must tremble. אדון does not take the article because it finds its completion in the following יעקב ( אלוהּ ); it is the same epizeuxis as in Psalms 113:8; Psalms 94:3; Psalms 96:7, Psalms 96:13. ההפכי has the constructive ı̂ out of the genitival relation; and in למעינו in this relation we have the constructive ô , which as a rule occurs only in the genitival combination, with the exception of this passage and בּנו באר , Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15 (not, however, in Proverbs 13:4, “his, the sluggard's, soul”), found only in the name for wild animals חיתו־ארץ , which occurs frequently, and first of all in Genesis 1:24. The expression calls to mind Psalms 107:35. הצּוּר is taken from Exodus 17:6; and חלּמישׁ (lxx τὴν ἀκρότομον , that which is rugged, abrupt)
(Note: One usually compares Arab. chlnbûs , chalnabûs the Karaite lexicographer Abraham ben David writes חלמבוס ]; but this obsolete word, as a compound from Arab. chls , to be black-grey, and Arab. chnbs , to be hard, may originally signify a hard black-grey stone, whereas חלמישׁ looks like a mingling of the verbal stems Arab. ḥms , to be hard, and Arab. ḥls , to be black-brown (as Arab. jlmûd , a detached block of rock, is of the verbal stems Arab. jld , to be hard, and Arab. jmd , to be massive). In Hauran the doors of the houses and the window-shutters are called Arab. ḥalasat when they consist of a massive slab of dolerite, probably from their blackish hue. Perhaps חלמישׁ is the ancient name for basalt; and in connection with the hardness of this form of rock, which resembles a mass of cast metal, the breaking through of springs is a great miracle. - Wetzstein. For other views vid., on Isaiah 49:21; Isaiah 50:7.)
stands, according to Deuteronomy 8:15, poetically for סלע , Numbers 20:11, for it is these two histories of the giving of water to which the poet points back. But why to these in particular? The causing of water to gush forth out of the flinty rock is a practical proof of unlimited omnipotence and of the grace which converts death into life. Let the earth then tremble before the Lord, the God of Jacob. It has already trembled before Him, and before Him let it tremble. For that which He has been He still ever is; and as He came once, He will come again.