39 And as the king H4428 passed by, H5674 he cried H6817 unto the king: H4428 and he said, H559 Thy servant H5650 went out H3318 into the midst H7130 of the battle; H4421 and, behold, a man H376 turned aside, H5493 and brought H935 a man H376 unto me, and said, H559 Keep H8104 this man: H376 if by any means H6485 he be missing, H6485 then shall thy life H5315 be for his life, H5315 or else thou shalt pay H8254 a talent H3603 of silver. H3701
And when they told H5046 it to Jotham, H3147 he went H3212 and stood H5975 in the top H7218 of mount H2022 Gerizim, H1630 and lifted up H5375 his voice, H6963 and cried, H7121 and said H559 unto them, Hearken H8085 unto me, ye men H1167 of Shechem, H7927 that God H430 may hearken H8085 unto you. The trees H6086 went forth H1980 H1980 on a time to anoint H4886 a king H4428 over them; and they said H559 unto the olive tree, H2132 Reign H4427 thou over us. But the olive tree H2132 said H559 unto them, Should I leave H2308 my fatness, H1880 wherewith by me they honour H3513 God H430 and man, H582 and go H1980 to be promoted H5128 over the trees? H6086 And the trees H6086 said H559 to the fig tree, H8384 Come H3212 thou, and reign H4427 over us. But the fig tree H8384 said H559 unto them, Should I forsake H2308 my sweetness, H4987 and my good H2896 fruit, H8570 and go H1980 to be promoted H5128 over the trees? H6086 Then said H559 the trees H6086 unto the vine, H1612 Come H3212 thou, and reign H4427 over us. And the vine H1612 said H559 unto them, Should I leave H2308 my wine, H8492 which cheereth H8055 God H430 and man, H582 and go H1980 to be promoted H5128 over the trees? H6086 Then said H559 all the trees H6086 unto the bramble, H329 Come H3212 thou, and reign H4427 over us. And the bramble H329 said H559 unto the trees, H6086 If in truth H571 ye anoint H4886 me king H4428 over you, then come H935 and put your trust H2620 in my shadow: H6738 and if not, let fire H784 come out H3318 of the bramble, H329 and devour H398 the cedars H730 of Lebanon. H3844 Now therefore, if ye have done H6213 truly H571 and sincerely, H8549 in that ye have made Abimelech H40 king, H4427 and if ye have dealt H6213 well H2896 with Jerubbaal H3378 and his house, H1004 and have done H6213 unto him according to the deserving H1576 of his hands; H3027 (For my father H1 fought H3898 for you, and adventured H7993 his life H5315 far, H5048 and delivered H5337 you out of the hand H3027 of Midian: H4080 And ye are risen up H6965 against my father's H1 house H1004 this day, H3117 and have slain H2026 his sons, H1121 threescore and ten H7657 persons, H376 upon one H259 stone, H68 and have made Abimelech, H40 the son H1121 of his maidservant, H519 king H4427 over the men H1167 of Shechem, H7927 because he is your brother;) H251 If ye then have dealt H6213 truly H571 and sincerely H8549 with Jerubbaal H3378 and with his house H1004 this day, H3117 then rejoice H8055 ye in Abimelech, H40 and let him also rejoice H8055 in you: But if not, let fire H784 come out H3318 from Abimelech, H40 and devour H398 the men H1167 of Shechem, H7927 and the house H1004 of Millo; H4407 H1037 and let fire H784 come out H3318 from the men H1167 of Shechem, H7927 and from the house H1004 of Millo, H4407 H1037 and devour H398 Abimelech. H40
And the LORD H3068 sent H7971 Nathan H5416 unto David. H1732 And he came H935 unto him, and said H559 unto him, There were two H8147 men H582 in one H259 city; H5892 the one H259 rich, H6223 and the other H259 poor. H7326 The rich H6223 man had exceeding H3966 many H7235 flocks H6629 and herds: H1241 But the poor H7326 man had nothing, save one H259 little H6996 ewe lamb, H3535 which he had bought H7069 and nourished up: H2421 and it grew up H1431 together H3162 with him, and with his children; H1121 it did eat H398 of his own meat, H6595 and drank H8354 of his own cup, H3563 and lay H7901 in his bosom, H2436 and was unto him as a daughter. H1323 And there came H935 a traveller H1982 unto the rich H6223 man, H376 and he spared H2550 to take H3947 of his own flock H6629 and of his own herd, H1241 to dress H6213 for the wayfaring man H732 that was come H935 unto him; but took H3947 the poor H7326 man's H376 lamb, H3535 and dressed H6213 it for the man H376 that was come H935 to him. And David's H1732 anger H639 was greatly H3966 kindled H2734 against the man; H376 and he said H559 to Nathan, H5416 As the LORD H3068 liveth, H2416 the man H376 that hath done H6213 this thing shall surely H1121 die: H4194 And he shall restore H7999 the lamb H3535 fourfold, H706 because H6118 he did H6213 this thing, H1697 and because H834 he had no pity. H2550 And Nathan H5416 said H559 to David, H1732 Thou art the man. H376 Thus saith H559 the LORD H3068 God H430 of Israel, H3478 I anointed H4886 thee king H4428 over Israel, H3478 and I delivered H5337 thee out of the hand H3027 of Saul; H7586
And the king H4428 said H559 unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, H559 I am indeed H61 a widow H490 woman, H802 and mine husband H376 is dead. H4191 And thy handmaid H8198 had two H8147 sons, H1121 and they two H8147 strove together H5327 in the field, H7704 and there was none to part H5337 them, but the one H259 smote H5221 the other, H259 and slew H4191 him. And, behold, the whole family H4940 is risen H6965 against thine handmaid, H8198 and they said, H559 Deliver H5414 him that smote H5221 his brother, H251 that we may kill H4191 him, for the life H5315 of his brother H251 whom he slew; H2026 and we will destroy H8045 the heir H3423 also: and so they shall quench H3518 my coal H1513 which is left, H7760 and shall not leave H7604 to my husband H376 neither name H8034 nor remainder H7611 upon H6440 the earth. H127
And G2532 he began G756 to speak G3004 unto them G846 by G1722 parables. G3850 A certain man G444 planted G5452 a vineyard, G290 and G2532 set G4060 an hedge about G5418 it, and G2532 digged G3736 a place for the winefat, G5276 and G2532 built G3618 a tower, G4444 and G2532 let G1554 it G846 out G1554 to husbandmen, G1092 and G2532 went into a far country. G589 And G2532 at the season G2540 he sent G649 to G4314 the husbandmen G1092 a servant, G1401 that G2443 he might receive G2983 from G3844 the husbandmen G1092 of G575 the fruit G2590 of the vineyard. G290 And G1161 they caught G2983 him, and beat G1194 him, G846 and G2532 sent him away G649 empty. G2756 And G2532 again G3825 he sent G649 unto G4314 them G846 another G243 servant; G1401 and at him G2548 they cast stones, G3036 and wounded him in the head, G2775 and G2532 sent him away G649 shamefully handled. G821 And G2532 again G3825 he sent G649 another; G243 and him G2548 they killed, G615 and G2532 many G4183 others; G243 G3303 beating some, G1194 and G1161 killing some. G615 Having G2192 yet G2089 therefore G3767 one G1520 son, G5207 his G846 wellbeloved, G27 he sent G649 him G846 also G2532 last G2078 unto G4314 them, G846 saying, G3004 G3754 They will reverence G1788 my G3450 son. G5207 But G1161 those G1565 husbandmen G1092 said G2036 among G4314 themselves, G1438 This G3754 G3778 is G2076 the heir; G2818 come, G1205 let us kill G615 him, G846 and G2532 the inheritance G2817 shall be G2071 ours. G2257 And G2532 they took G2983 him, G846 and killed G615 him, and G2532 cast G1544 him out of G1854 the vineyard. G290 What G5101 shall G4160 therefore G3767 the lord G2962 of the vineyard G290 do? G4160 he will come G2064 and G2532 destroy G622 the husbandmen, G1092 and G2532 will give G1325 the vineyard G290 unto others. G243 And have ye G314 not G3761 read G314 this G5026 scripture; G1124 The stone G3037 which G3739 the builders G3618 rejected G593 is G3778 G1096 become G1519 the head G2776 of the corner: G1137 This G3778 was G1096 the Lord's G2962 doing, G1096 G3844 and G2532 it is G2076 marvellous G2298 in G1722 our G2257 eyes? G3788 And G2532 they sought G2212 to lay hold G2902 on him, G846 but G2532 feared G5399 the people: G3793 for G1063 they knew G1097 that G3754 he had spoken G2036 the parable G3850 against G4314 them: G846 and G2532 they left G863 him, G846 and went their way. G565
Forasmuch as ye know G1492 that G3754 ye were G3084 not G3756 redeemed G3084 with corruptible things, G5349 as silver G694 and G2228 gold, G5553 from G1537 your G5216 vain G3152 conversation G391 received by tradition from your fathers; G3970 But G235 with the precious G5093 blood G129 of Christ, G5547 as G5613 of a lamb G286 without blemish G299 and G2532 without spot: G784
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on 1 Kings 20
Commentary on 1 Kings 20 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 20
1Ki 20:1-12. Ben-hadad Besieges Samaria.
1. Ben-hadad the king of Syria—This monarch was the son of that Ben-hadad who, in the reign of Baasha, made a raid on the northern towns of Galilee (1Ki 15:20). The thirty-two kings that were confederate with him were probably tributary princes. The ancient kings of Syria and Phœnicia ruled only over a single city, and were independent of each other, except when one great city, as Damascus, acquired the ascendency, and even then they were allied only in time of war. The Syrian army encamped at the gates and besieged the town of Samaria.
2-12. Thus said Ben-hadad, Thy silver and thy gold is mine—To this message sent him during the siege, Ahab returned a tame and submissive answer, probably thinking it meant no more than an exaction of tribute. But the demand was repeated with greater insolence; and yet, from the abject character of Ahab, there is reason to believe he would have yielded to this arrogant claim also, had not the voice of his subjects been raised against it. Ben-hadad's object in these and other boastful menaces was to intimidate Ahab. But the weak sovereign began to show a little more spirit, as appears in his abandoning "my lord the king" for the single "tell him," and giving him a dry but sarcastic hint to glory no more till the victory is won. Kindling into a rage at the cool defiance, Ben-hadad gave orders for the immediate sack of the city.
12. as he was drinking, he and the kings in the pavilions—booths made of branches of trees and brushwood; which were reared for kings in the camp, as they still are for Turkish pashas or agas in their expeditions [Keil].
Set yourselves in array—Invest the city.
1Ki 20:13-20. The Syrians Are Slain.
13-21. behold, there came a prophet unto Ahab—Though the king and people of Israel had highly offended Him, God had not utterly cast them off. He still cherished designs of mercy towards them, and here, though unasked, gave them a signal proof of His interest in them, by a prophet's animating announcement that the Lord would that day deliver the mighty hosts of the enemy into his hand by means of a small, feeble, inadequate band. Conformably to the prophet's instructions, two hundred thirty-two young men went boldly out towards the camp of the enemy, while seven thousand more, apparently volunteers, followed at some little distance, or posted themselves at the gate, to be ready to reinforce those in front if occasion required it. Ben-hadad and his vassals and princes were already, at that early hour—scarcely midday—deep in their cups; and though informed of this advancing company, yet confiding in his numbers, or it may be, excited with wine, he ordered with indifference the proud intruders to be taken alive, whether they came with peaceful or hostile intentions. It was more easily said than done; the young men smote right and left, making terrible havoc among their intended captors; and their attack, together with the sight of the seven thousand, who soon rushed forward to mingle in the fray, created a panic in the Syrian army, who immediately took up flight. Ben-hadad himself escaped the pursuit of the victors on a fleet horse, surrounded by a squadron of horse guards. This glorious victory, won so easily, and with such a paltry force opposed to overwhelming numbers, was granted that Ahab and his people might know (1Ki 20:13) that God is the Lord. But we do not read of this acknowledgment being made, or of any sacrifices being offered in token of their national gratitude.
22-26. the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said—The same prophet who had predicted the victory shortly reappeared, admonishing the king to take every precaution against a renewal of hostilities in the following campaign.
at the return of the year—that is, in spring, when, on the cessation of the rainy season, military campaigns (2Sa 11:1), were anciently begun. It happened as the prophet had forewarned. Brooding over their late disastrous defeat, the attendants of Ben-hadad ascribed the misfortune to two causes—the one arose from the principles of heathenism which led them to consider the gods of Israel as "gods of the hills"; whereas their power to aid the Israelites would be gone if the battle was maintained on the plains. The other cause to which the Syrian courtiers traced their defeat at Samaria, was the presence of the tributary kings, who had probably been the first to take flight; and they recommended "captains to be put in their rooms." Approving of these recommendations, Ben-hadad renewed his invasion of Israel the next spring by the siege of Aphek in the valley of Jezreel (compare 1Sa 29:1, with 1Sa 28:4), not far from En-dor.
27-31. like two little flocks of kids—Goats are never seen in large flocks, or scattered, like sheep; and hence the two small but compact divisions of the Israelite force are compared to goats, not sheep. Humanly speaking, that little handful of men would have been overpowered by numbers. But a prophet was sent to the small Israelite army to announce the victory, in order to convince the Syrians that the God of Israel was omnipotent everywhere, in the valley as well as on the hills. And, accordingly, after the two armies had pitched opposite each other for seven days, they came to an open battle. One hundred thousand Syrians lay dead on the field, while the fugitives took refuge in Aphek, and there, crowding on the city walls, they endeavored to make a stand against their pursuers; but the old walls giving way under the incumbent weight, fell and buried twenty-seven thousand in the ruins. Ben-hadad succeeded in extricating himself, and, with his attendants, sought concealment in the city, fleeing from chamber to chamber; or, as some think it, an inner chamber, that is, a harem; but seeing no ultimate means of escape, he was advised to throw himself on the tender mercies of the Israelitish monarch.
32-34. put ropes on their heads—Captives were dragged by ropes round their necks in companies, as is depicted on the monuments of Egypt. Their voluntary attitude and language of submission flattered the pride of Ahab, who, little concerned about the dishonor done to the God of Israel by the Syrian king, and thinking of nothing but victory, paraded his clemency, called the vanquished king "his brother," invited him to sit in the royal chariot, and dismissed him with a covenant of peace.
34. streets for thee in Damascus—implying that a quarter of that city was to be assigned to Jews, with the free exercise of their religion and laws, under a judge of their own. This misplaced kindness to a proud and impious idolater, so unbecoming a theocratic monarch, exposed Ahab to the same censure and fate as Saul (1Sa 15:9, &c.). It was in opposition to God's purpose in giving him the victory.
1Ki 20:35-42. A Prophet Reproves Him.
35-38. Smite me—This prophet is supposed (1Ki 20:8) to have been Micaiah. The refusal of his neighbor to smite the prophet was manifestly wrong, as it was a withholding of necessary aid to a prophet in the discharge of a duty to which he had been called by God, and it was severely punished [1Ki 20:36], as a beacon to warn others (see on 1Ki 13:2-24). The prophet found a willing assistant, and then, waiting for Ahab, leads the king unconsciously, in the parabolic manner of Nathan (2Sa 12:1-4), to pronounce his own doom; and this consequent punishment was forthwith announced by a prophet (see on 1Ki 21:17).
39. a talent of silver—£342.