1 And the ark H727 of the LORD H3068 was in the country H7704 of the Philistines H6430 seven H7651 months. H2320
2 And the Philistines H6430 called H7121 for the priests H3548 and the diviners, H7080 saying, H559 What shall we do H6213 to the ark H727 of the LORD? H3068 tell H3045 us wherewith we shall send H7971 it to his place. H4725
3 And they said, H559 If ye send away H7971 the ark H727 of the God H430 of Israel, H3478 send H7971 it not empty; H7387 but in any wise H7725 return H7725 him a trespass offering: H817 then ye shall be healed, H7495 and it shall be known H3045 to you why his hand H3027 is not removed H5493 from you.
4 Then said H559 they, What shall be the trespass offering H817 which we shall return H7725 to him? They answered, H559 Five H2568 golden H2091 emerods, H2914 H6076 and five H2568 golden H2091 mice, H5909 according to the number H4557 of the lords H5633 of the Philistines: H6430 for one H259 plague H4046 was on you all, and on your lords. H5633
5 Wherefore ye shall make H6213 images H6754 of your emerods, H2914 H6076 and images H6754 of your mice H5909 that mar H7843 the land; H776 and ye shall give H5414 glory H3519 unto the God H430 of Israel: H3478 peradventure he will lighten H7043 his hand H3027 from off you, and from off your gods, H430 and from off your land. H776
6 Wherefore then do ye harden H3513 your hearts, H3824 as the Egyptians H4714 and Pharaoh H6547 hardened H3513 their hearts? H3820 when he had wrought wonderfully H5953 among them, did they not let the people go, H7971 and they departed? H3212
7 Now therefore make H6213 a H259 new H2319 cart, H5699 and take H3947 two H8147 milch H5763 kine, H6510 on which there hath come H5927 no yoke, H5923 and tie H631 the kine H6510 to the cart, H5699 and bring H7725 their calves H1121 home H1004 from them: H310
8 And take H3947 the ark H727 of the LORD, H3068 and lay H5414 it upon the cart; H5699 and put H7760 the jewels H3627 of gold, H2091 which ye return H7725 him for a trespass offering, H817 in a coffer H712 by the side H6654 thereof; and send it away, H7971 that it may go. H1980
9 And see, H7200 if it goeth up H5927 by the way H1870 of his own coast H1366 to Bethshemesh, H1053 then he hath done H6213 us this great H1419 evil: H7451 but if not, then we shall know H3045 that it is not his hand H3027 that smote H5060 us: it was a chance H4745 that happened to us. H1961
10 And the men H582 did so; H6213 and took H3947 two H8147 milch H5763 kine, H6510 and tied H631 them to the cart, H5699 and shut up H3607 their calves H1121 at home: H1004
11 And they laid H7760 the ark H727 of the LORD H3068 upon the cart, H5699 and the coffer H712 with the mice H5909 of gold H2091 and the images H6754 of their emerods. H2914
12 And the kine H6510 took the straight H3474 way H1870 to the way H1870 of Bethshemesh, H1053 and went along H1980 the highway, H4546 H259 lowing H1600 as they went, H1980 and turned not aside H5493 to the right hand H3225 or to the left; H8040 and the lords H5633 of the Philistines H6430 went H1980 after H310 them unto the border H1366 of Bethshemesh. H1053
13 And they of Bethshemesh H1053 were reaping H7114 their wheat H2406 harvest H7105 in the valley: H6010 and they lifted up H5375 their eyes, H5869 and saw H7200 the ark, H727 and rejoiced H8055 to see H7200 it.
14 And the cart H5699 came H935 into the field H7704 of Joshua, H3091 a Bethshemite, H1030 and stood H5975 there, where there was a great H1419 stone: H68 and they clave H1234 the wood H6086 of the cart, H5699 and offered H5927 the kine H6510 a burnt offering H5930 unto the LORD. H3068
15 And the Levites H3881 took down H3381 the ark H727 of the LORD, H3068 and the coffer H712 that was with it, wherein the jewels H3627 of gold H2091 were, and put H7760 them on the great H1419 stone: H68 and the men H582 of Bethshemesh H1053 offered H5927 burnt offerings H5930 and sacrificed H2076 sacrifices H2077 the same day H3117 unto the LORD. H3068
16 And when the five H2568 lords H5633 of the Philistines H6430 had seen H7200 it, they returned H7725 to Ekron H6138 the same day. H3117
17 And these are the golden H2091 emerods H2914 which the Philistines H6430 returned H7725 for a trespass offering H817 unto the LORD; H3068 for Ashdod H795 one, H259 for Gaza H5804 one, H259 for Askelon H831 one, H259 for Gath H1661 one, H259 for Ekron H6138 one; H259
18 And the golden H2091 mice, H5909 according to the number H4557 of all the cities H5892 of the Philistines H6430 belonging to the five H2568 lords, H5633 both of fenced H4013 cities, H5892 and of country H6521 villages, H3724 even unto the great H1419 stone of Abel, H59 whereon they set down H3240 the ark H727 of the LORD: H3068 which stone remaineth unto this day H3117 in the field H7704 of Joshua, H3091 the Bethshemite. H1030
19 And he smote H5221 the men H376 of Bethshemesh, H1053 because they had looked H7200 into the ark H727 of the LORD, H3068 even he smote H5221 of the people H5971 fifty H2572 thousand H505 and threescore and ten H7657 men: H582 and the people H5971 lamented, H56 because the LORD H3068 had smitten H5221 many of the people H5971 with a great H1419 slaughter. H4347
20 And the men H582 of Bethshemesh H1053 said, H559 Who is able H3201 to stand H5975 before H6440 this holy H6918 LORD H3068 God? H430 and to whom shall he go up H5927 from us?
21 And they sent H7971 messengers H4397 to the inhabitants H3427 of Kirjathjearim, H7157 saying, H559 The Philistines H6430 have brought again H7725 the ark H727 of the LORD; H3068 come ye down, H3381 and fetch it up H5927 to you.
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on 1 Samuel 6
Commentary on 1 Samuel 6 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 6
1Sa 6:1-9. The Philistines Counsel How to Send Back the Ark.
1. the ark … was in the country of the Philistines seven months—Notwithstanding the calamities which its presence had brought on the country and the people, the Philistine lords were unwilling to relinquish such a prize, and tried every means to retain it with peace and safety, but in vain.
2, 3. the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners—The designed restoration of the ark was not, it seems, universally approved of, and many doubts were expressed whether the prevailing pestilence was really a judgment of Heaven. The priests and diviners united all parties by recommending a course which would enable them easily to discriminate the true character of the calamities, and at the same time to propitiate the incensed Deity for any acts of disrespect which might have been shown to His ark.
4. Five golden emerods—Votive or thank offerings were commonly made by the heathen in prayer for, or gratitude after, deliverance from lingering or dangerous disorders, in the form of metallic (generally silver) models or images of the diseased parts of the body. This is common still in Roman Catholic countries, as well as in the temples of the Hindus and other modern heathen.
five golden mice—This animal is supposed by some to be the jerboa or jumping mouse of Syria and Egypt [Bochart]; by others, to be the short-tailed field mouse, which often swarms in prodigious numbers and commits great ravages in the cultivated fields of Palestine.
5. give glory unto the God of Israel—By these propitiatory presents, the Philistines would acknowledge His power and make reparation for the injury done to His ark.
lighten his hand … from off your gods—Elohim for god.
6. Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?—The memory of the appalling judgments that had been inflicted on Egypt was not yet obliterated. Whether preserved in written records, or in floating tradition, they were still fresh in the minds of men, and being extensively spread, were doubtless the means of diffusing the knowledge and fear of the true God.
7. make a new cart—Their object in making a new one for the purpose seems to have been not only for cleanliness and neatness, but from an impression that there would have been an impropriety in using one that had been applied to meaner or more common services. It appears to have been a covered wagon (see on 2Sa 6:3).
two milch kine—Such untrained heifers, wanton and vagrant, would pursue no certain and regular path, like those accustomed to the yoke, and therefore were most unlikely of their own spontaneous motion to prosecute the direct road to the land of Israel.
bring their calves home from them—The strong natural affection of the dams might be supposed to stimulate their return homewards, rather than direct their steps in a foreign country.
8. take the ark of the Lord, and lay it upon the cart—This mode of carrying the sacred symbol was forbidden; but the ignorance of the Philistines made the indignity excusable (see on 2Sa 6:6).
put the jewels … in a coffer by the side thereof—The way of securing treasure in the East is still in a chest, chained to the house wall or some solid part of the furniture.
9-12. Beth-shemesh—that is, "house of the sun," now Ain Shems [Robinson], a city of priests in Judah, in the southeast border of Dan, lying in a beautiful and extensive valley. Josephus says they were set a-going near a place where the road divided into two—the one leading back to Ekron, where were their calves, and the other to Beth-shemesh. Their frequent lowings attested their ardent longing for their young, and at the same time the supernatural influence that controlled their movements in a contrary direction.
12. the lords of the Philistines went after them—to give their tribute of homage, to prevent imposture, and to obtain the most reliable evidence of the truth. The result of this journey tended to their own deeper humiliation, and the greater illustration of God's glory.
14. and they clave—that is, the Beth-shemites, in an irrepressible outburst of joy.
offered the kine—Though contrary to the requirements of the law (Le 1:3; 22:19), these animals might properly be offered, as consecrated by God Himself; and though not beside the tabernacle, there were many instances of sacrifices offered by prophets and holy men on extraordinary occasions in other places.
17, 18. And these are the golden emerods … and the mice—There were five representative images of the emerods, corresponding to the five principal cities of the Philistines. But the number of the golden mice must have been greater, for they were sent from the walled towns as well as the country villages.
18. unto the great stone of Abel—Abel, or Aben, means "stone," so that without resorting to italics, the reading should be, "the great stone."
19. he smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark—In the ecstasy of delight at seeing the return of the ark, the Beth-shemesh reapers pried into it beneath the wagon cover; and instead of covering it up again, as a sacred utensil, they let it remain exposed to common inspection, wishing it to be seen, in order that all might enjoy the triumph of seeing the votive offerings presented to it, and gratify curiosity with the sight of the sacred shrine. This was the offense of those Israelites (Levites, as well as common people), who had treated the ark with less reverence than the Philistines themselves.
he smote of the people fifty thousand and threescore and ten men—Beth-shemesh being only a village, this translation must be erroneous, and should be, "he smote fifty out of a thousand," being only fourteen hundred in all who indulged this curiosity. God, instead of decimating, according to an ancient usage, slew only a twentieth part; that is, according to Josephus, seventy out of fourteen hundred (see Nu 4:18-22).
21. Kirjath-jearim—"the city of woods," also called Kirjath-baal (Jos 15:60; 18:14; 1Ch 13:6, 7). This was the nearest town to Beth-shemesh; and being a place of strength, it was a more fitting place for the residence of the ark. Beth-shemesh being in a low plain, and Kirjath-jearim on a hill, explains the message, "Come ye down, and fetch it up to you."