1 And it came to pass after H310 this, that Absalom H53 the son H1121 of David H1732 had a fair H3303 sister, H269 whose name H8034 was Tamar; H8559 and Amnon H550 the son H1121 of David H1732 loved H157 her.
2 And Amnon H550 was so vexed, H3334 that he fell sick H2470 for his sister H269 Tamar; H8559 for she was a virgin; H1330 and Amnon H550 thought H5869 it hard H6381 for him to do H6213 any thing H3972 to her.
3 But Amnon H550 had a friend, H7453 whose name H8034 was Jonadab, H3122 the son H1121 of Shimeah H8093 David's H1732 brother: H251 and Jonadab H3122 was a very H3966 subtil H2450 man. H376
4 And he said H559 unto him, Why art thou, being the king's H4428 son, H1121 lean H1800 from day H1242 to day? H1242 wilt thou not tell H5046 me? And Amnon H550 said H559 unto him, I love H157 Tamar, H8559 my brother H251 Absalom's H53 sister. H269
5 And Jonadab H3082 said H559 unto him, Lay thee down H7901 on thy bed, H4904 and make thyself sick: H2470 and when thy father H1 cometh H935 to see H7200 thee, say H559 unto him, I pray thee, let my sister H269 Tamar H8559 come, H935 and give H1262 me meat, H3899 and dress H6213 the meat H1279 in my sight, H5869 that I may see H7200 it, and eat H398 it at her hand. H3027
6 So Amnon H550 lay down, H7901 and made himself sick: H2470 and when the king H4428 was come H935 to see H7200 him, Amnon H550 said H559 unto the king, H4428 I pray thee, let Tamar H8559 my sister H269 come, H935 and make H3823 me a couple H8147 of cakes H3834 in my sight, H5869 that I may eat H1262 at her hand. H3027
7 Then David H1732 sent H7971 home H1004 to Tamar, H8559 saying, H559 Go H3212 now to thy brother H251 Amnon's H550 house, H1004 and dress H6213 him meat. H1279
8 So Tamar H8559 went H3212 to her brother H251 Amnon's H550 house; H1004 and he was laid down. H7901 And she took H3947 flour, H1217 and kneaded H3888 it, and made cakes H3823 in his sight, H5869 and did bake H1310 the cakes. H3834
9 And she took H3947 a pan, H4958 and poured them out H3332 before H6440 him; but he refused H3985 to eat. H398 And Amnon H550 said, H559 Have out H3318 all men H376 from me. And they went out H3318 every man H376 from him.
10 And Amnon H550 said H559 unto Tamar, H8559 Bring H935 the meat H1279 into the chamber, H2315 that I may eat H1262 of thine hand. H3027 And Tamar H8559 took H3947 the cakes H3834 which she had made, H6213 and brought H935 them into the chamber H2315 to Amnon H550 her brother. H251
11 And when she had brought H5066 them unto him to eat, H398 he took hold H2388 of her, and said H559 unto her, Come H935 lie H7901 with me, my sister. H269
12 And she answered H559 him, Nay, my brother, H251 do not force H6031 me; for no such thing ought H3651 to be done H6213 in Israel: H3478 do H6213 not thou this folly. H5039
13 And I, whither shall I cause my shame H2781 to go? H3212 and as for thee, thou shalt be as one H259 of the fools H5036 in Israel. H3478 Now therefore, I pray thee, speak H1696 unto the king; H4428 for he will not withhold H4513 me from thee.
14 Howbeit he would H14 not hearken H8085 unto her voice: H6963 but, being stronger H2388 than she, forced H6031 her, and lay H7901 with her.
15 Then Amnon H550 hated H8130 her exceedingly; H3966 H1419 so that the hatred H8135 wherewith he hated H8130 her was greater H1419 than the love H160 wherewith he had loved H157 her. And Amnon H550 said H559 unto her, Arise, H6965 be gone. H3212
16 And she said H559 unto him, There is no cause: H182 this evil H7451 in sending me away H7971 is greater H1419 than the other H312 that thou didst H6213 unto me. But he would H14 not hearken H8085 unto her.
17 Then he called H7121 his servant H5288 that ministered H8334 unto him, and said, H559 Put H7971 now this woman out H2351 from me, and bolt H5274 the door H1817 after H310 her.
18 And she had a garment H3801 of divers colours H6446 upon her: for with such robes H4598 were the king's H4428 daughters H1323 that were virgins H1330 apparelled. H3847 Then his servant H8334 brought H3318 her out, H2351 and bolted H5274 the door H1817 after H310 her.
19 And Tamar H8559 put H3947 ashes H665 on her head, H7218 and rent H7167 her garment H3801 of divers colours H6446 that was on her, and laid H7760 her hand H3027 on her head, H7218 and went H3212 on H1980 crying. H2199
20 And Absalom H53 her brother H251 said H559 unto her, Hath Amnon H550 thy brother H251 been with thee? but hold now thy peace, H2790 my sister: H269 he is thy brother; H251 regard H7896 H3820 not this thing. H1697 So Tamar H8559 remained H3427 desolate H8074 in her brother H251 Absalom's H53 house. H1004
21 But when king H4428 David H1732 heard H8085 of all these things, H1697 he was very H3966 wroth. H2734
22 And Absalom H53 spake H1696 unto his brother Amnon H550 neither good H2896 nor bad: H7451 for Absalom H53 hated H8130 Amnon, H550 because H1697 he had forced H6031 his sister H269 Tamar. H8559
23 And it came to pass after two full H3117 years, H8141 that Absalom H53 had sheepshearers H1494 in Baalhazor, H1178 which is beside Ephraim: H669 and Absalom H53 invited H7121 all the king's H4428 sons. H1121
24 And Absalom H53 came H935 to the king, H4428 and said, H559 Behold now, thy servant H5650 hath sheepshearers; H1494 let H3212 the king, H4428 I beseech thee, and his servants H5650 go H3212 with thy servant. H5650
25 And the king H4428 said H559 to Absalom, H53 Nay, my son, H1121 let us not all now go, H3212 lest we be chargeable H3513 unto thee. And he pressed H6555 him: howbeit he would H14 not go, H3212 but blessed H1288 him.
26 Then said H559 Absalom, H53 If not, I pray thee, let my brother H251 Amnon H550 go H3212 with us. And the king H4428 said H559 unto him, Why should he go H3212 with thee?
27 But Absalom H53 pressed H6555 him, that he let Amnon H550 and all the king's H4428 sons H1121 go H7971 with him.
28 Now Absalom H53 had commanded H6680 his servants, H5288 saying, H559 Mark H7200 ye now when Amnon's H550 heart H3820 is merry H2896 with wine, H3196 and when I say H559 unto you, Smite H5221 Amnon; H550 then kill H4191 him, fear H3372 not: have not I commanded H6680 you? be courageous, H2388 and be valiant. H1121 H2428
29 And the servants H5288 of Absalom H53 did H6213 unto Amnon H550 as Absalom H53 had commanded. H6680 Then all the king's H4428 sons H1121 arose, H6965 and every man H376 gat him up H7392 upon his mule, H6505 and fled. H5127
30 And it came to pass, while they were in the way, H1870 that tidings H8052 came H935 to David, H1732 saying, H559 Absalom H53 hath slain H5221 all the king's H4428 sons, H1121 and there is not one H259 of them left. H3498
31 Then the king H4428 arose, H6965 and tare H7167 his garments, H899 and lay H7901 on the earth; H776 and all his servants H5650 stood H5324 by with their clothes H899 rent. H7167
32 And Jonadab, H3122 the son H1121 of Shimeah H8093 David's H1732 brother, H251 answered H6030 and said, H559 Let not my lord H113 suppose H559 that they have slain H4191 all the young men H5288 the king's H4428 sons; H1121 for Amnon H550 only is dead: H4191 for by the appointment H6310 of Absalom H53 this hath been determined H7760 from the day H3117 that he forced H6031 his sister H269 Tamar. H8559
33 Now therefore let not my lord H113 the king H4428 take H7760 the thing H1697 to his heart, H3820 to think H559 that all the king's H4428 sons H1121 are dead: H4191 for Amnon H550 only is dead. H4191
34 But Absalom H53 fled. H1272 And the young man H5288 that kept the watch H6822 lifted up H5375 his eyes, H5869 and looked, H7200 and, behold, there came H1980 much H7227 people H5971 by the way H1870 of the hill H2022 side H6654 behind H310 him.
35 And Jonadab H3122 said H559 unto the king, H4428 Behold, the king's H4428 sons H1121 come: H935 as thy servant H5650 said, H1697 so it is.
36 And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end H3615 of speaking, H1696 that, behold, the king's H4428 sons H1121 came, H935 and lifted up H5375 their voice H6963 and wept: H1058 and the king H4428 also and all his servants H5650 wept H1058 very H3966 sore. H1065 H1419
37 But Absalom H53 fled, H1272 and went H3212 to Talmai, H8526 the son H1121 of Ammihud, H5991 H5989 king H4428 of Geshur. H1650 And David mourned H56 for his son H1121 every day. H3117
38 So Absalom H53 fled, H1272 and went H3212 to Geshur, H1650 and was there three H7969 years. H8141
39 And the soul of king H4428 David H1732 longed H3615 to go forth H3318 unto Absalom: H53 for he was comforted H5162 concerning Amnon, H550 seeing he was dead. H4191
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on 2 Samuel 13
Commentary on 2 Samuel 13 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 13
2Sa 13:1-5. Amnon Loves Tamar.
1. Tamar—daughter of David by Maachah (2Sa 3:3).
2. for she was a virgin—Unmarried daughters were kept in close seclusion from the company of men; no strangers, nor even their relatives of the other sex, being permitted to see them without the presence of witnesses. Of course, Amnon must have seen Tamar, for he had conceived a violent passion for her, which, though forbidden by the law (Le 18:11), yet with the sanction of Abraham's example (Ge 20:12), and the common practice in neighboring countries for princes to marry their half sisters, he seems not to have considered an improper connection. But he had no means of making it known to her, and the pain of that disappointment preying upon his mind produced a visible change in his appearance and health.
3. Jonadab, the son of Shimeah—or Shammah (1Sa 16:9). By the counsel and contrivance of this scheming cousin a plan was devised for obtaining an unrestricted interview with the object of his attachment.
4. my brother Absalom's sister—In Eastern countries, where polygamy prevails, the girls are considered to be under the special care and protection of their uterine brother, who is the guardian of their interests and their honor, even more than their father himself (see on Ge 34:6-25).
2Sa 13:6-27. He Defiles Her.
6-8. Amnon lay down, and made himself sick—The Orientals are great adepts in feigning sickness, whenever they have any object to accomplish.
let Tamar my sister come and make me a couple of cakes—To the king Amnon spoke of Tamar as "his sister," a term artfully designed to hoodwink his father; and the request appeared so natural, the delicate appetite of a sick man requiring to be humored, that the king promised to send her. The cakes seem to have been a kind of fancy bread, in the preparation of which Oriental ladies take great delight. Tamar, flattered by the invitation, lost no time in rendering the required service in the house of her sick brother.
12-14. do not force me—The remonstrances and arguments of Tamar were so affecting and so strong, that had not Amnon been violently goaded on by the lustful passion of which he had become the slave, they must have prevailed with him to desist from his infamous purpose. In bidding him, however, "speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from thee," it is probable that she urged this as her last resource, saying anything she thought would please him, in order to escape for the present out of his hands.
15. Then Amnon hated her exceedingly—It is not unusual for persons instigated by violent and irregular passions to go from one extreme to another. In Amnon's case the sudden revulsion is easily accounted for; the atrocity of his conduct, with all the feelings of shame, remorse, and dread of exposure and punishment, now burst upon his mind, rendering the presence of Tamar intolerably painful to him.
17. bolt the door after her—The street door of houses in the East is always kept barred—the bolts being of wood. In the great mansions, where a porter stands at the outside, this precaution is dispensed with; and the circumstance, therefore, of a prince giving an order so unusual shows the vehement perturbation of Ammon's mind.
18. garment of divers colours—As embroidery in ancient times was the occupation or pastime of ladies of the highest rank, the possession of these parti-colored garments was a mark of distinction; they were worn exclusively by young women of royal condition. Since the art of manufacturing cloth stuffs has made so great progress, dresses of this variegated description are now more common in the East.
19, 20. Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours … laid her hand on her head, and went on crying—that is, sobbing. Oriental manners would probably see nothing beyond a strong sense of the injury she had sustained, if Tamar actually rent her garments. But, as her veil is not mentioned, it is probable that Amnon had turned her out of doors without it, and she raised her hand with the design to conceal her face. By these signs, especially the rending of her distinguishing robe, Absalom at once conjectured what had taken place. Recommending her to be silent about it and not publish her own and her family's dishonor, he gave no inkling of his angry feelings to Amnon. But all the while he was in secret "nursing his wrath to keep it warm," and only "biding his time" to avenge his sister's wrongs, and by the removal of the heir-apparent perhaps further also his ambitious designs.
20. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom's house—He was her natural protector, and the children of polygamists lived by themselves, as if they constituted different families.
23-27. Absalom had sheep-shearers in Baal-hazor, which is beside Ephraim—A sheep-shearing feast is a grand occasion in the East. Absalom proposed to give such an entertainment at his estate in Baal-hazor, about eight miles northeast of Jerusalem near a town called Ephraim (Jos 11:10). He first invited the king and his court; but the king declining, on account of the heavy expense to which the reception of royalty would subject him [2Sa 13:25], Absalom then limited the invitation to the king's sons [2Sa 13:26], which David the more readily agreed to, in the hope that it might tend to the promotion of brotherly harmony and union.
2Sa 13:28-36. Amnon Is Slain.
28. Absalom had commanded his servants, saying … when Amnon's heart is merry with wine … kill him, fear not—On a preconcerted signal from their master, the servants, rushing upon Amnon, slew him at the table, while the rest of the brothers, horror-struck, and apprehending a general massacre, fled in affrighted haste to Jerusalem.
29. every man gat him up upon his mule—This had become the favorite equipage of the great. King David himself had a state mule (1Ki 1:33). The Syrian mules are, in activity, strength, and capabilities, still far superior to ours.
30, 31. tidings came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king's sons—It was natural that in the consternation and tumult caused by so atrocious a deed, an exaggerated report should reach the court, which was at once plunged into the depths of grief and despair. But the information of Jonadab, who seems to have been aware of the plan, and the arrival of the other princes, made known the real extent of the catastrophe.
2Sa 13:37-39. Absalom Flees to Talmai.
37. Absalom fled, and went to Talmai—The law as to premeditated murder (Nu 35:21) gave him no hope of remaining with impunity in his own country. The cities of refuge could afford him no sanctuary, and he was compelled to leave the kingdom, taking refuge at the court of Geshur, with his maternal grandfather, who would, doubtless, approve of his conduct.