13 Thou shalt observe H6213 the feast H2282 of tabernacles H5521 seven H7651 days, H3117 after that thou hast gathered H622 in thy corn H1637 and thy wine: H3342
Speak H1696 unto the children H1121 of Israel, H3478 saying, H559 The fifteenth H2568 H6240 day H3117 of this seventh H7637 month H2320 shall be the feast H2282 of tabernacles H5521 for seven H7651 days H3117 unto the LORD. H3068 On the first H7223 day H3117 shall be an holy H6944 convocation: H4744 ye shall do H6213 no servile H5656 work H4399 therein. Seven H7651 days H3117 ye shall offer H7126 an offering made by fire H801 unto the LORD: H3068 on the eighth H8066 day H3117 shall be an holy H6944 convocation H4744 unto you; and ye shall offer H7126 an offering made by fire H801 unto the LORD: H3068 it is a solemn assembly; H6116 and ye shall do H6213 no servile H5656 work H4399 therein.
And on the fifteenth H2568 H6240 day H3117 of the seventh H7637 month H2320 ye shall have an holy H6944 convocation; H4744 ye shall do H6213 no servile H5656 work, H4399 and ye shall keep H2287 a feast H2282 unto the LORD H3068 seven H7651 days: H3117 And ye shall offer H7126 a burnt offering, H5930 a sacrifice made by fire, H801 of a sweet H5207 savour H7381 unto the LORD; H3068 thirteen H7969 H6240 young H1241 H1121 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 and fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year; H8141 they shall be without blemish: H8549 And their meat offering H4503 shall be of flour H5560 mingled H1101 with oil, H8081 three H7969 tenth deals H6241 unto every H259 bullock H6499 of the thirteen H7969 H6240 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 tenth deals H6241 to each H259 ram H352 of the two H8147 rams, H352 And a several tenth deal H6241 to each H259 lamb H3532 of the fourteen H702 H6240 lambs: H3532 And one H259 kid H8163 of the goats H5795 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 And on the second H8145 day H3117 ye shall offer twelve H8147 H6240 young H1121 H1241 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without spot: H8549 And their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullocks, H6499 for the rams, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 kid H8163 of the goats H5795 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 and the meat offering H4503 thereof, and their drink offerings. H5262 And on the third H7992 day H3117 eleven H6249 H6240 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without blemish; H8549 And their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullocks, H6499 for the rams, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 goat H8163 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 and his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 And on the fourth H7243 day H3117 ten H6235 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 and fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without blemish: H8549 Their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullocks, H6499 for the rams, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 kid H8163 of the goats H5795 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 And on the fifth H2549 day H3117 nine H8672 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 and fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without spot: H8549 And their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullocks, H6499 for the rams, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 goat H8163 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 and his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 And on the sixth H8345 day H3117 eight H8083 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 and fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without blemish: H8549 And their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullocks, H6499 for the rams, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 goat H8163 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 And on the seventh H7637 day H3117 seven H7651 bullocks, H6499 two H8147 rams, H352 and fourteen H702 H6240 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without blemish: H8549 And their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullocks, H6499 for the rams, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 goat H8163 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 On the eighth H8066 day H3117 ye shall have a solemn assembly: H6116 ye shall do H6213 no servile H5656 work H4399 therein: But ye shall offer H7126 a burnt offering, H5930 a sacrifice made by fire, H801 of a sweet H5207 savour H7381 unto the LORD: H3068 one H259 bullock, H6499 one H259 ram, H352 seven H7651 lambs H3532 of the first H1121 year H8141 without blemish: H8549 Their meat offering H4503 and their drink offerings H5262 for the bullock, H6499 for the ram, H352 and for the lambs, H3532 shall be according to their number, H4557 after the manner: H4941 And one H259 goat H8163 for a sin offering; H2403 beside the continual H8548 burnt offering, H5930 and his meat offering, H4503 and his drink offering. H5262 These things ye shall do H6213 unto the LORD H3068 in your set feasts, H4150 beside your vows, H5088 and your freewill offerings, H5071 for your burnt offerings, H5930 and for your meat offerings, H4503 and for your drink offerings, H5262 and for your peace offerings. H8002 And Moses H4872 told H559 the children H1121 of Israel H3478 according to all that the LORD H3068 commanded H6680 Moses. H4872
Also at the same time H6256 Solomon H8010 kept H6213 the feast H2282 seven H7651 days, H3117 and all Israel H3478 with him, a very H3966 great H1419 congregation, H6951 from the entering in H935 of Hamath H2574 unto the river H5158 of Egypt. H4714 And in the eighth H8066 day H3117 they made H6213 a solemn assembly: H6116 for they kept H6213 the dedication H2598 of the altar H4196 seven H7651 days, H3117 and the feast H2282 seven H7651 days. H3117 And on the three H7969 and twentieth H6242 day H3117 of the seventh H7637 month H2320 he sent H7971 the people H5971 away H7971 into their tents, H168 glad H8056 and merry H2896 in heart H3820 for the goodness H2896 that the LORD H3068 had shewed H6213 unto David, H1732 and to Solomon, H8010 and to Israel H3478 his people. H5971
And they found H4672 written H3789 in the law H8451 which the LORD H3068 had commanded H6680 by H3027 Moses, H4872 that the children H1121 of Israel H3478 should dwell H3427 in booths H5521 in the feast H2282 of the seventh H7637 month: H2320 And that they should publish H8085 and proclaim H5674 H6963 in all their cities, H5892 and in Jerusalem, H3389 saying, H559 Go forth H3318 unto the mount, H2022 and fetch H935 olive H2132 branches, H5929 and pine H8081 branches, H6086 H5929 and myrtle H1918 branches, H5929 and palm H8558 branches, H5929 and branches H5929 of thick H5687 trees, H6086 to make H6213 booths, H5521 as it is written. H3789 So the people H5971 went forth, H3318 and brought H935 them, and made H6213 themselves booths, H5521 every one H376 upon the roof of his house, H1406 and in their courts, H2691 and in the courts H2691 of the house H1004 of God, H430 and in the street H7339 of the water H4325 gate, H8179 and in the street H7339 of the gate H8179 of Ephraim. H669 And all the congregation H6951 of them that were come again H7725 out of the captivity H7628 made H6213 booths, H5521 and sat H3427 under the booths: H5521 for since the days H3117 of Jeshua H3442 the son H1121 of Nun H5126 unto that day H3117 had not the children H1121 of Israel H3478 done so. H6213 And there was very H3966 great H1419 gladness. H8057 Also day H3117 by day, H3117 from the first H7223 day H3117 unto the last H314 day, H3117 he read H7121 in the book H5612 of the law H8451 of God. H430 And they kept H6213 the feast H2282 seven H7651 days; H3117 and on the eighth H8066 day H3117 was a solemn assembly, H6116 according unto the manner. H4941
And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left H3498 of all the nations H1471 which came H935 against Jerusalem H3389 shall even go up H5927 from H1767 year H8141 to year H8141 to worship H7812 the King, H4428 the LORD H3068 of hosts, H6635 and to keep H2287 the feast H2282 of tabernacles. H5521 And it shall be, that whoso will not come up H5927 of all the families H4940 of the earth H776 unto Jerusalem H3389 to worship H7812 the King, H4428 the LORD H3068 of hosts, H6635 even upon them shall be no rain. H1653 And if the family H4940 of Egypt H4714 go not up, H5927 and come H935 not, that have no rain; there shall be the plague, H4046 wherewith the LORD H3068 will smite H5062 the heathen H1471 that come not up H5927 to keep H2287 the feast H2282 of tabernacles. H5521
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on Deuteronomy 16
Commentary on Deuteronomy 16 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 16
De 16:1-22. The Feast of the Passover.
1. Observe the month of Abib—or first-fruits. It comprehended the latter part of our March and the beginning of April. Green ears of the barley, which were then full, were offered as first-fruits, on the second day of the passover.
for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee out of Egypt by night—This statement is apparently at variance with the prohibition (Ex 12:22) as well as with the recorded fact that their departure took place in the morning (Ex 13:3; Nu 33:3). But it is susceptible of easy reconciliation. Pharaoh's permission, the first step of emancipation, was extorted during the night, the preparations for departure commenced, the rendezvous at Rameses made, and the march entered on in the morning.
2. Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover—not the paschal lamb, which was strictly and properly the passover. The whole solemnity is here meant, as is evident from the mention of the additional victims that required to be offered on the subsequent days of the feast (Nu 28:18, 19; 2Ch 35:8, 9), and from the allusion to the continued use of unleavened bread for seven days, whereas the passover itself was to be eaten at once. The words before us are equivalent to "thou shalt observe the feast of the passover."
3. seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread—a sour, unpleasant, unwholesome kind of bread, designed to be a memorial of their Egyptian misery and of the haste with which they departed, not allowing time for their morning dough to ferment.
5, 6. Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates—The passover was to be observed nowhere but in the court of the tabernacle or temple, as it was not a religious feast or sacramental occasion merely, but an actual sacrifice (Ex 12:27; 23:18; 34:25). The blood had to be sprinkled on the altar and in the place where the true Passover was afterwards to be sacrificed for us "at even, at the going down of the sun"—literally, "between the evenings."
6. at the season—that is, the month and day, though not perhaps the precise hour. The immense number of victims that had to be immolated on the eve of the passover—that is, within a space of four hours—has appeared to some writers a great difficulty. But the large number of officiating priests, their dexterity and skill in the preparation of the sacrifices, the wide range of the court, the extraordinary dimensions of the altar of burnt offering and orderly method of conducting the solemn ceremonial, rendered it easy to do that in a few hours, which would otherwise have required as many days.
7. thou shalt roast and eat it—(See on Ex 12:8; compare 2Ch 35:13).
thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents—The sense of this passage, on the first glance of the words, seems to point to the morning after the first day—the passover eve. Perhaps, however, the divinely appointed duration of this feast, the solemn character and important object, the journey of the people from the distant parts of the land to be present, and the recorded examples of their continuing all the time (2Ch 30:21 35:17), (though these may be considered extraordinary, and therefore exceptional occasions), may warrant the conclusion that the leave given to the people to return home was to be on the morning after the completion of the seven days.
9-12. Seven weeks shalt thou number—The feast of weeks, or a WEEK OF WEEKS: the feast of pentecost (see on Le 23:10; also see Ex 34:22; Ac 2:1). As on the second day of the passover a sheaf of new barley, reaped on purpose, was offered, so on the second day of pentecost a sheaf of new wheat was presented as first-fruits (Ex 23:16; Nu 28:26), a freewill, spontaneous tribute of gratitude to God for His temporal bounties. This feast was instituted in memory of the giving of the law, that spiritual food by which man's soul is nourished (De 8:3).
13-17. Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days—(See on Ex 23:14; Le 23:34; Nu 29:12). Various conjectures have been formed to account for the appointment of this feast at the conclusion of the whole harvest. Some imagine that it was designed to remind the Israelites of the time when they had no cornfields to reap but were daily supplied with manna; others think that it suited the convenience of the people better than any other period of the year for dwelling in booths; others that it was the time of Moses' second descent from the mount; while a fourth class are of opinion that this feast was fixed to the time of the year when the Word was made flesh and dwelt—literally, "tabernacled"—among us (Joh 1:14), Christ being actually born at that season.
15. in all the works of thine hands … rejoice—that is, praising God with a warm and elevated heart. According to Jewish tradition, no marriages were allowed to be celebrated during these great festivals, that no personal or private rejoicings might be mingled with the demonstrations of public and national gladness.
16. Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God—No command was laid on women to undertake the journeys, partly from regard to the natural weakness of their sex, and partly to their domestic cares.
18-20. Judges and officers shalt thou make—These last meant heralds or bailiffs, employed in executing the sentence of their superiors.
in all thy gates—The gate was the place of public resort among the Israelites and other Eastern people, where business was transacted and causes decided. The Ottoman Porte derived its name from the administration of justice at its gates.
21. Thou shalt not plant thee a grove—A grove has in Scripture a variety of significations—a group of overshadowing trees, or a grove adorned with altars dedicated to a particular deity, or a wooden image in a grove (Jud 6:25; 2Ki 23:4-6). They might be placed near the earthen and temporary altars erected in the wilderness, but they could not exist either at the tabernacle or temples. They were places, which, with their usual accompaniments, presented strong allurements to idolatry; and therefore the Israelites were prohibited from planting them.
22. Neither shalt thou set thee up any image—erroneously rendered so for "pillar"; pillars of various kinds, and materials of wood or stone were erected in the neighborhood of altars. Sometimes they were conical or oblong, at other times they served as pedestals for the statues of idols. A superstitious reverence was attached to them, and hence they were forbidden.