3 Yea, better H2896 is he than both H8147 they, which hath not yet H5728 been, who hath not seen H7200 the evil H7451 work H4639 that is done H6213 under the sun. H8121
For, G3754 behold, G2400 the days G2250 are coming, G2064 in G1722 the which G3739 they shall say, G2046 Blessed G3107 are the barren, G4723 and G2532 the wombs G2836 that G3739 never G3756 bare, G1080 and G2532 the paps G3149 which G3739 never G3756 gave suck. G2337
Because it shut not up H5462 the doors H1817 of my mother's womb, H990 nor hid H5641 sorrow H5999 from mine eyes. H5869 Why died H4191 I not from the womb? H7358 why did I not give up the ghost H1478 when I came out H3318 of the belly? H990 Why did the knees H1290 prevent H6923 me? or why the breasts H7699 that I should suck? H3243 For now should I have lain still H7901 and been quiet, H8252 I should have slept: H3462 then had I been at rest, H5117 With kings H4428 and counsellors H3289 of the earth, H776 which built H1129 desolate places H2723 for themselves; Or with princes H8269 that had gold, H2091 who filled H4390 their houses H1004 with silver: H3701 Or as an hidden H2934 untimely birth H5309 I had not been; as infants H5768 which never saw H7200 light. H216
Wherefore then hast thou brought me forth H3318 out of the womb? H7358 Oh that I had given up the ghost, H1478 and no eye H5869 had seen H7200 me! I should have been as though I had not been; I should have been carried H2986 from the womb H990 to the grave. H6913
And I said, H559 Oh that H5414 I had wings H83 like a dove! H3123 for then would I fly away, H5774 and be at rest. H7931 Lo, then would I wander H5074 far off, H7368 and remain H3885 in the wilderness. H4057 Selah. H5542 I would hasten H2363 my escape H4655 from the windy H7307 storm H5584 and tempest. H5591 Destroy, H1104 O Lord, H136 and divide H6385 their tongues: H3956 for I have seen H7200 violence H2555 and strife H7379 in the city. H5892 Day H3119 and night H3915 they go about H5437 it upon the walls H2346 thereof: mischief H205 also and sorrow H5999 are in the midst H7130 of it. Wickedness H1942 is in the midst H7130 thereof: deceit H8496 and guile H4820 depart H4185 not from her streets. H7339
Therefore I hated H8130 life; H2416 because the work H4639 that is wrought H6213 under the sun H8121 is grievous H7451 unto me: for all is vanity H1892 and vexation H7469 of spirit. H7307
If a man H376 beget H3205 an hundred H3967 children, and live H2421 many H7227 years, H8141 so that the days H3117 of his years H8141 be many, H7227 and his soul H5315 be not filled H7646 with good, H2896 and also that he have no burial; H6900 I say, H559 that an untimely birth H5309 is better H2896 than he. For he cometh H935 in with vanity, H1892 and departeth H3212 in darkness, H2822 and his name H8034 shall be covered H3680 with darkness. H2822 Moreover he hath not seen H7200 the sun, H8121 nor known H3045 any thing: this H2088 hath more rest H5183 than H2088 the other.
Oh that H5414 I had in the wilderness H4057 a lodging place H4411 of wayfaring men; H732 that I might leave H5800 my people, H5971 and go H3212 from them! for they be all adulterers, H5003 an assembly H6116 of treacherous men. H898 And they bend H1869 their tongues H3956 like their bow H7198 for lies: H8267 but they are not valiant H1396 for the truth H530 upon the earth; H776 for they proceed H3318 from evil H7451 to evil, H7451 and they know H3045 not me, saith H5002 the LORD. H3068
Because he slew H4191 me not from the womb; H7358 or that my mother H517 might have been my grave, H6913 and her womb H7358 to be always H5769 great H2030 with me. Wherefore came I forth H3318 out of the womb H7358 to see H7200 labour H5999 and sorrow, H3015 that my days H3117 should be consumed H3615 with shame? H1322
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on Ecclesiastes 4
Commentary on Ecclesiastes 4 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 4
Ec 4:1-16.
1. returned—namely, to the thought set forth (Ec 3:16; Job 35:9).
power—Maurer, not so well, "violence."
no comforter—twice said to express continued suffering without any to give comfort (Isa 53:7).
2. A profane sentiment if severed from its connection; but just in its bearing on Solomon's scope. If religion were not taken into account (Ec 3:17, 19), to die as soon as possible would be desirable, so as not to suffer or witness "oppressions"; and still more so, not to be born at all (Ec 7:1). Job (Job 3:12; 21:7), David (Ps 73:3, &c.), Jeremiah (Jer 12:1), Habakkuk (Hab 1:13), all passed through the same perplexity, until they went into the sanctuary, and looked beyond the present to the "judgment" (Ps 73:17; Hab 2:20; 3:17, 18). Then they saw the need of delay, before completely punishing the wicked, to give space for repentance, or else for accumulation of wrath (Ro 2:15); and before completely rewarding the godly, to give room for faith and perseverance in tribulation (Ps 92:7-12). Earnests, however, are often even now given, by partial judgments of the future, to assure us, in spite of difficulties, that God governs the earth.
3. not seen—nor experienced.
4. right—rather, "prosperous" (see on Ec 2:21). Prosperity, which men so much covet, is the very source of provoking oppression (Ec 4:1) and "envy," so far is it from constituting the chief good.
5. Still the
fool (the wicked oppressor) is not to be envied even in this life, who "folds his hands together" in idleness (Pr 6:10; 24:33), living on the means he wrongfully wrests from others; for such a one
eateth his own flesh—that is, is a self-tormentor, never satisfied, his spirit preying on itself (Isa 9:20; 49:26).
6. Hebrew; "One open hand (palm) full of quietness, than both closed hands full of travail." "Quietness" (mental tranquillity flowing from honest labor), opposed to "eating one's own flesh" (Ec 4:5), also opposed to anxious labor to gain (Ec 4:8; Pr 15:16, 17; 16:8).
7. A vanity described in Ec 4:8.
8. not a second—no partner.
child—"son or brother," put for any heir (De 25:5-10).
eye—(Ec 1:8). The miser would not be able to give an account of his infatuation.
9. Two—opposed to "one" (Ec 4:8). Ties of union, marriage, friendship, religious communion, are better than the selfish solitariness of the miser (Ge 2:18).
reward—Advantage accrues from their efforts being conjoined. The Talmud says, "A man without a companion is like a left hand without the right.
10. if they fall—if the one or other fall, as may happen to both, namely, into any distress of body, mind, or soul.
11. (See on 1Ki 1:1). The image is taken from man and wife, but applies universally to the warm sympathy derived from social ties. So Christian ties (Lu 24:32; Ac 28:15).
12. one—enemy.
threefold cord—proverbial for a combination of many—for example, husband, wife, and children (Pr 11:14); so Christians (Lu 10:1; Col 2:2, 19). Untwist the cord, and the separate threads are easily "broken."
13. The "threefold cord" [Ec 4:12] of social ties suggests the subject of civil government. In this case too, he concludes that kingly power confers no lasting happiness. The "wise" child, though a supposed case of Solomon, answers, in the event foreseen by the Holy Ghost, to Jeroboam, then a poor but valiant youth, once a "servant" of Solomon, and (1Ki 11:26-40) appointed by God through the prophet Ahijah to be heir of the kingdom of the ten tribes about to be rent from Rehoboam. The "old and foolish king" answers to Solomon himself, who had lost his wisdom, when, in defiance of two warnings of God (1Ki 3:14; 9:2-9), he forsook God.
will no more be admonished—knows not yet how to take warning (see Margin) God had by Ahijah already intimated the judgment coming on Solomon (1Ki 11:11-13).
14. out of prison—Solomon uses this phrase of a supposed case; for example, Joseph raised from a dungeon to be lord of Egypt. His words are at the same time so framed by the Holy Ghost that they answer virtually to Jeroboam, who fled to escape a "prison" and death from Solomon, to Shishak of Egypt (1Ki 11:40). This unconscious presaging of his own doom, and that of Rehoboam, constitutes the irony. David's elevation from poverty and exile, under Saul (which may have been before Solomon's mind), had so far their counterpart in that of Jeroboam.
whereas … becometh poor—rather, "though he (the youth) was born poor in his kingdom" (in the land where afterwards he was to reign).
15. "I considered all the living," the present generation, in relation to ("with") the "second youth" (the "legitimate successor" of the "old king," as opposed to the "poor youth," the one first spoken of, about to be raised from poverty to a throne), that is, Rehoboam.
in his stead—the old king's.
16. Notwithstanding their now worshipping the rising sun, the heir-apparent, I reflected that "there were no bounds, no stability (2Sa 15:6; 20:1), no check on the love of innovation, of all that have been before them," that is, the past generation; so
also they that come after—that is, the next generation,
shall not rejoice in him—namely, Rehoboam. The parallel, "shall not rejoice," fixes the sense of "no bounds," no permanent adherence, though now men rejoice in him.