Exodus 12:3 King James Version with Strong's Concordance (STRONG)

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³ Speak ^H1696 ye unto all the congregation ^H5712 of Israel, ^H3478 saying, ^H559 In the tenth ^H6218 day of this month ^H2320 they shall take ^H3947 to them every man ^H376 a lamb, ^H7716 according to the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 a lamb ^H7716 for an house: ^H1004

Cross Reference

Numbers 1:1-54 STRONG

KJV ASV YLT DARBY WEB BBE

And the LORD ^H3068 spake ^H1696 unto Moses ^H4872 in the wilderness ^H4057 of Sinai, ^H5514 in the tabernacle ^H168 of the congregation, ^H4150 on the first ^H259 day of the second ^H8145 month, ^H2320 in the second ^H8145 year ^H8141 after they were come out ^H3318 of the land ^H776 of Egypt, ^H4714 saying, ^H559 Take ^H5375 ye the sum ^H7218 of all the congregation ^H5712 of the children ^H1121 of Israel, ^H3478 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 with the number ^H4557 of their names, ^H8034 every male ^H2145 by their polls; ^H1538 From twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that are able to go forth ^H3318 to war ^H6635 in Israel: ^H3478 thou and Aaron ^H175 shall number ^H6485 them by their armies. ^H6635 And with you there shall be a man ^H376 of every ^H376 tribe; ^H4294 every one ^H376 head ^H7218 of the house ^H1004 of his fathers. ^H1 And these are the names ^H8034 of the men ^H582 that shall stand ^H5975 with you: of the tribe of Reuben; ^H7205 Elizur ^H468 the son ^H1121 of Shedeur. ^H7707 Of Simeon; ^H8095 Shelumiel ^H8017 the son ^H1121 of Zurishaddai. ^H6701 Of Judah; ^H3063 Nahshon ^H5177 the son ^H1121 of Amminadab. ^H5992 Of Issachar; ^H3485 Nethaneel ^H5417 the son ^H1121 of Zuar. ^H6686 Of Zebulun; ^H2074 Eliab ^H446 the son ^H1121 of Helon. ^H2497 Of the children ^H1121 of Joseph: ^H3130 of Ephraim; ^H669 Elishama ^H476 the son ^H1121 of Ammihud: ^H5989 of Manasseh; ^H4519 Gamaliel ^H1583 the son ^H1121 of Pedahzur. ^H6301 Of Benjamin; ^H1144 Abidan ^H27 the son ^H1121 of Gideoni. ^H1441 Of Dan; ^H1835 Ahiezer ^H295 the son ^H1121 of Ammishaddai. ^H5996 Of Asher; ^H836 Pagiel ^H6295 the son ^H1121 of Ocran. ^H5918 Of Gad; ^H1410 Eliasaph ^H460 the son ^H1121 of Deuel. ^H1845 Of Naphtali; ^H5321 Ahira ^H299 the son ^H1121 of Enan. ^H5881 These were the renowned ^H7148 of the congregation, ^H5712 princes ^H5387 of the tribes ^H4294 of their fathers, ^H1 heads ^H7218 of thousands ^H505 in ^H1992 Israel. ^H3478 And Moses ^H4872 and Aaron ^H175 took ^H3947 these men ^H582 which are expressed ^H5344 by their names: ^H8034 And they assembled ^H6950 all the congregation ^H5712 together ^H6950 on the first ^H259 day of the second ^H8145 month, ^H2320 and they declared their pedigrees ^H3205 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 by their polls. ^H1538 As the LORD ^H3068 commanded ^H6680 Moses, ^H4872 so he numbered ^H6485 them in the wilderness ^H4057 of Sinai. ^H5514 And the children ^H1121 of Reuben, ^H7205 Israel's ^H3478 eldest son, ^H1060 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 by their polls, ^H1538 every male ^H2145 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Reuben, ^H7205 were forty ^H705 and six ^H8337 thousand ^H505 and five ^H2568 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Simeon, ^H8095 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 by their polls, ^H1538 every male ^H2145 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Simeon, ^H8095 were fifty ^H2572 and nine ^H8672 thousand ^H505 and three ^H7969 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Gad, ^H1410 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Gad, ^H1410 were forty ^H705 and five ^H2568 thousand ^H505 six ^H8337 hundred ^H3967 and fifty. ^H2572 Of the children ^H1121 of Judah, ^H3063 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Judah, ^H3063 were threescore and fourteen ^H7657 ^H702 thousand ^H505 and six ^H8337 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Issachar, ^H3485 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Issachar, ^H3485 were fifty ^H2572 and four ^H702 thousand ^H505 and four ^H702 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Zebulun, ^H2074 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Zebulun, ^H2074 were fifty ^H2572 and seven ^H7651 thousand ^H505 and four ^H702 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Joseph, ^H3130 namely, of the children ^H1121 of Ephraim, ^H669 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Ephraim, ^H669 were forty ^H705 thousand ^H505 and five ^H2568 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Manasseh, ^H4519 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Manasseh, ^H4519 were thirty ^H7970 and two ^H8147 thousand ^H505 and two hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Benjamin, ^H1144 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Benjamin, ^H1144 were thirty ^H7970 and five ^H2568 thousand ^H505 and four ^H702 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Dan, ^H1835 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Dan, ^H1835 were threescore ^H8346 and two ^H8147 thousand ^H505 and seven ^H7651 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Asher, ^H836 by their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Asher, ^H836 were forty ^H705 and one ^H259 thousand ^H505 and five ^H2568 hundred. ^H3967 Of the children ^H1121 of Naphtali, ^H5321 throughout their generations, ^H8435 after their families, ^H4940 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 according to the number ^H4557 of the names, ^H8034 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war; ^H6635 Those that were numbered ^H6485 of them, even of the tribe ^H4294 of Naphtali, ^H5321 were fifty ^H2572 and three ^H7969 thousand ^H505 and four ^H702 hundred. ^H3967 These are those that were numbered, ^H6485 which Moses ^H4872 and Aaron ^H175 numbered, ^H6485 and the princes ^H5387 of Israel, ^H3478 being twelve ^H6240 ^H8147 men: ^H376 each ^H376 one ^H259 was for the house ^H1004 of his fathers. ^H1 So were all those that were numbered ^H6485 of the children ^H1121 of Israel, ^H3478 by the house ^H1004 of their fathers, ^H1 from twenty ^H6242 years ^H8141 old ^H1121 and upward, ^H4605 all that were able to go forth ^H3318 to war ^H6635 in Israel; ^H3478 Even all they that were numbered ^H6485 were six ^H8337 hundred ^H3967 thousand ^H505 and three ^H7969 thousand ^H505 and five ^H2568 hundred ^H3967 and fifty. ^H2572 But the Levites ^H3881 after the tribe ^H4294 of their fathers ^H1 were not numbered ^H6485 among ^H8432 them. For the LORD ^H3068 had spoken ^H1696 unto Moses, ^H4872 saying, ^H559 Only thou shalt not number ^H6485 the tribe ^H4294 of Levi, ^H3878 neither take ^H5375 the sum ^H7218 of them among ^H8432 the children ^H1121 of Israel: ^H3478 But thou shalt appoint ^H6485 the Levites ^H3881 over the tabernacle ^H4908 of testimony, ^H5715 and over all the vessels ^H3627 thereof, and over all things that belong to it: they shall bear ^H5375 the tabernacle, ^H4908 and all the vessels ^H3627 thereof; and they shall minister ^H8334 unto it, and shall encamp ^H2583 round about ^H5439 the tabernacle. ^H4908 And when the tabernacle ^H4908 setteth forward, ^H5265 the Levites ^H3881 shall take it down: ^H3381 and when the tabernacle ^H4908 is to be pitched, ^H2583 the Levites ^H3881 shall set it up: ^H6965 and the stranger ^H2114 that cometh nigh ^H7131 shall be put to death. ^H4191 And the children ^H1121 of Israel ^H3478 shall pitch their tents, ^H2583 every man ^H376 by his own camp, ^H4264 and every man ^H376 by his own standard, ^H1714 throughout their hosts. ^H6635 But the Levites ^H3881 shall pitch ^H2583 round about ^H5439 the tabernacle ^H4908 of testimony, ^H5715 that there be no wrath ^H7110 upon the congregation ^H5712 of the children ^H1121 of Israel: ^H3478 and the Levites ^H3881 shall keep ^H8104 the charge ^H4931 of the tabernacle ^H4908 of testimony. ^H5715 And the children ^H1121 of Israel ^H3478 did ^H6213 according to all that the LORD ^H3068 commanded ^H6680 Moses, ^H4872 so did ^H6213 they.

Revelation 7:9-14 STRONG

KJV ASV YLT DARBY WEB BBE

After ^G3326 this ^G5023 I beheld, ^G1492 and, ^G2532 lo, ^G2400 a great ^G4183 multitude, ^G3793 which ^G3739 no man ^G3762 could ^G1410 number, ^G705 ^G846 of ^G1537 all ^G3956 nations, ^G1484 and ^G2532 kindreds, ^G5443 and ^G2532 people, ^G2992 and ^G2532 tongues, ^G1100 stood ^G2476 before ^G1799 the throne, ^G2362 and ^G2532 before ^G1799 the Lamb, ^G721 clothed ^G4016 with white ^G3022 robes, ^G4749 and ^G2532 palms ^G5404 in ^G1722 their ^G846 hands; ^G5495 And ^G2532 cried ^G2896 with a loud ^G3173 voice, ^G5456 saying, ^G3004 Salvation ^G4991 to our ^G2257 God ^G2316 which ^G3588 sitteth ^G2521 upon ^G1909 the throne, ^G2362 and ^G2532 unto the Lamb. ^G721 And ^G2532 all ^G3956 the angels ^G32 stood ^G2476 round about ^G2945 the throne, ^G2362 and ^G2532 about the elders ^G4245 and ^G2532 the four ^G5064 beasts, ^G2226 and ^G2532 fell ^G4098 before ^G1799 the throne ^G2362 on ^G1909 their ^G846 faces, ^G4383 and ^G2532 worshipped ^G4352 God, ^G2316 Saying, ^G3004 Amen: ^G281 Blessing, ^G2129 and ^G2532 glory, ^G1391 and ^G2532 wisdom, ^G4678 and ^G2532 thanksgiving, ^G2169 and ^G2532 honour, ^G5092 and ^G2532 power, ^G1411 and ^G2532 might, ^G2479 be unto our ^G2257 God ^G2316 for ^G1519 ever ^G165 and ever. ^G165 Amen. ^G281 And ^G2532 one ^G1520 of ^G1537 the elders ^G4245 answered, ^G611 saying ^G3004 unto me, ^G3427 What ^G5101 are ^G1526 these ^G3778 which ^G3588 are arrayed in ^G4016 white ^G3022 robes? ^G4749 and ^G2532 whence ^G4159 came they? ^G2064 And ^G2532 I said ^G2046 unto him, ^G846 Sir, ^G2962 thou ^G4771 knowest. ^G1492 And ^G2532 he said ^G2036 to me, ^G3427 These ^G3778 are they ^G1526 which came ^G2064 out of ^G1537 great ^G3173 tribulation, ^G2347 and ^G2532 have washed ^G4150 their ^G846 robes, ^G4749 and ^G2532 made ^G3021 them ^G4749 ^G846 white ^G3021 in ^G1722 the blood ^G129 of the Lamb. ^G721

Revelation 5:6-13 STRONG

KJV ASV YLT DARBY WEB BBE

And ^G2532 I beheld, ^G1492 and, ^G2532 lo, ^G2400 in ^G1722 the midst ^G3319 of the throne ^G2362 and ^G2532 of the four ^G5064 beasts, ^G2226 and ^G2532 in ^G1722 the midst ^G3319 of the elders, ^G4245 stood ^G2476 a Lamb ^G721 as ^G5613 it had been slain, ^G4969 having ^G2192 seven ^G2033 horns ^G2768 and ^G2532 seven ^G2033 eyes, ^G3788 which ^G3739 are ^G1526 the seven ^G2033 Spirits ^G4151 of God ^G2316 sent forth ^G649 into ^G1519 all ^G3956 the earth. ^G1093 And ^G2532 he came ^G2064 and ^G2532 took ^G2983 the book ^G975 out of ^G1537 the right hand ^G1188 of him that sat ^G2521 upon ^G1909 the throne. ^G2362 And ^G2532 when ^G3753 he had taken ^G2983 the book, ^G975 the four ^G5064 beasts ^G2226 and ^G2532 four ^G5064 and twenty ^G1501 elders ^G4245 fell down ^G4098 before ^G1799 the Lamb, ^G721 having ^G2192 every one of them ^G1538 harps, ^G2788 and ^G2532 golden ^G5552 vials ^G5357 full ^G1073 of odours, ^G2368 which ^G3739 are ^G1526 the prayers ^G4335 of saints. ^G40 And ^G2532 they sung ^G103 a new ^G2537 song, ^G5603 saying, ^G3004 Thou art ^G1488 worthy ^G514 to take ^G2983 the book, ^G975 and ^G2532 to open ^G455 the seals ^G4973 thereof: ^G846 for ^G3754 thou wast slain, ^G4969 and ^G2532 hast redeemed ^G59 us ^G2248 to God ^G2316 by ^G1722 thy ^G4675 blood ^G129 out of ^G1537 every ^G3956 kindred, ^G5443 and ^G2532 tongue, ^G1100 and ^G2532 people, ^G2992 and ^G2532 nation; ^G1484 And ^G2532 hast made ^G4160 us ^G2248 unto our ^G2257 God ^G2316 kings ^G935 and ^G2532 priests: ^G2409 and ^G2532 we shall reign ^G936 on ^G1909 the earth. ^G1093 And ^G2532 I beheld, ^G1492 and ^G2532 I heard ^G191 the voice ^G5456 of many ^G4183 angels ^G32 round about ^G2943 the throne ^G2362 and ^G2532 the beasts ^G2226 and ^G2532 the elders: ^G4245 and ^G2532 the number ^G706 of them ^G846 was ^G2258 ten thousand ^G3461 times ten thousand, ^G3461 and ^G2532 thousands ^G5505 of thousands; ^G5505 Saying ^G3004 with a loud ^G3173 voice, ^G5456 Worthy ^G514 is ^G2076 the Lamb ^G721 that was slain ^G4969 to receive ^G2983 power, ^G1411 and ^G2532 riches, ^G4149 and ^G2532 wisdom, ^G4678 and ^G2532 strength, ^G2479 and ^G2532 honour, ^G5092 and ^G2532 glory, ^G1391 and ^G2532 blessing. ^G2129 And ^G2532 every ^G3956 creature ^G2938 which ^G3739 is ^G2076 in ^G1722 heaven, ^G3772 and ^G2532 on ^G1722 the earth, ^G1093 and ^G2532 under ^G5270 the earth, ^G1093 and ^G2532 such as ^G3739 are ^G2076 in ^G1909 the sea, ^G2281 and ^G2532 all ^G3956 that are in ^G1722 them, ^G846 heard I ^G191 saying, ^G3004 Blessing, ^G2129 and ^G2532 honour, ^G5092 and ^G2532 glory, ^G1391 and ^G2532 power, ^G2904 be unto him that sitteth ^G2521 upon ^G1909 the throne, ^G2362 and ^G2532 unto the Lamb ^G721 for ^G1519 ever ^G165 and ever. ^G165

Commentary on Exodus 12 Matthew Henry Commentary

John Gill Keil & Delitzsch Robert Jamieson: Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

Chapter 12

This chapter gives an account of one of the most memorable ordinances, and one of the most memorable providences, of all that are recorded in the Old Testament.

I. Not one of all the ordinances of the Jewish church was more eminent than that of the passover, nor is any one more frequently mentioned in the New Testament; and we have here an account of the institution to it. The ordinance consisted of three parts:-
- 1. The killing and eating of the paschal lamb (v. 1-6, 8-11).
- 2. The sprinkling of the blood upon the door-posts, spoken of as a distinct thing (Heb. 11:28), and peculiar to this first passover (v. 7), with the reason for it (v. 13).
- 3. The feast of unleavened bread for seven days following; this points rather at what was to be done afterwards, in the observance of this ordinance (v. 14-20). This institution is communicated to the people, and they are instructed in the observance,
  - (1.) Of this first passover (v. 21-23).
  - (2.) Of the after passovers (v. 24-27). And the Israelites' obedience to these orders (v. 28).
II. Not one of all the providences of God concerning the Jewish church was more illustrious, or is more frequently mentioned, than the deliverance of the children of Israel out of Egypt.
- 1. The firstborn of the Egyptians are slain (v. 29, 30).
- 2. Orders are given immediately for their discharge (v. 31-33).
- 3. They begin their march.
  - (1.) Loaded with their own effects (v. 34).
  - (2.) Enriched with the spoils of Egypt (v. 35, 36).
  - (3.) Attended with a mixed multitude (v. 37, 38).
  - (4.) Put to their shifts for present supply (v. 39). The event is dated (v. 40-42).
Lastly, A recapitulation in the close,
- [1.] Of this memorable ordinance, with some additions (v. 43-49).
- [2.] Of this memorable providence (v. 50, 51).

Exd 12:1-20

Moses and Aaron here receive of the Lord what they were afterwards to deliver to the people concerning the ordinance of the passover, to which is prefixed an order for a new style to be observed in their months (v. 1, 2): This shall be to you the beginning of months. They had hitherto begun their year from the middle of September, but henceforward they were to begin it from the middle of March, at least in all their ecclesiastical computations. Note, It is good to begin the day, and begin the year, and especially to begin our lives, with God. This new calculation began the year with the spring, which reneweth the face of the earth, and was used as a figure of the coming of Christ, Cant. 2:11, 12. We may suppose that, while Moses was bringing the ten plagues upon the Egyptians, he was directing the Israelites to prepare for their departure at an hour's warning. Probably he had be degrees brought them near together from their dispersions, for their are here called the congregation of Israel (v. 3), and to them as a congregation orders are here sent. Their amazement and hurry, it is easy to suppose, were great; yet now they must apply themselves to the observance of a sacred rite, to the honour of God. Note, When our heads are fullest of care, and our hands of business, yet we must not forget our religion, nor suffer ourselves to be indisposed for acts of devotion.

I. God appointed that on the night wherein they were to go out of Egypt they should, in each of their families, kill a lamb, or that two or three families, if they were small, should join for a lamb. The lamb was to be got ready four days before and that afternoon they were to kill it (v. 6) as a sacrifice; not strictly, for it was not offered upon the altar, but as a religious ceremony, acknowledging God's goodness to them, not only in preserving them from, but in delivering them by, the plagues inflicted on the Egyptians. See the antiquity of family-religion; and see the convenience of the joining of small families together for religious worship, that it may be made the more solemn.
II. The lamb so slain they were to eat, roasted (we may suppose, in its several quarters), with unleavened bread and bitter herbs, because they were to eat it in haste (v. 11), and to leave none of it until the morning; for God would have them to depend upon him for their daily bread, and not to take thought for the morrow. He that led them would feed them.
III. Before they ate the flesh of the lamb, they were to sprinkle the blood upon the doorposts, v. 7. By this their houses were to be distinguished from the houses of the Egyptians, and so their first-born secured from the sword of the destroying angel, v. 12, 13. Dreadful work was to be made this night in Egypt; all the first-born both of man and beast were to be slain, and judgment executed upon the gods of Egypt. Moses does not mention the fulfillment, in this chapter, yet he speaks of it Num. 33:4. It is very probable that the idols which the Egyptians worshipped were destroyed, those of metal melted, those of wood consumed, and those of stone broken to pieces, whence Jethro infers (ch. 18:11), The Lord is greater than all gods. The same angel that destroyed their first-born demolished their idols, which were no less dear to them. For the protection of Israel from this plague they were ordered to sprinkle the blood of the lamb upon the door-posts, their doing which would be accepted as an instance of their faith in the divine warnings and their obedience to the divine precepts. Note,
- 1. If in times of common calamity God will secure his own people, and set a mark upon them; they shall be hidden either in heaven or under heaven, preserved either from the stroke of judgments or at least from the sting of them.
- 2. The blood of sprinkling is the saint's security in times of common calamity; it is this that marks them for God, pacifies conscience, and gives them boldness of access to the throne of grace, and so becomes a wall of protection round them and a wall of partition between them and the children of this world.
IV. This was to be annually observed as a feast of the Lord in their generations, to which the feast of unleavened bread was annexed, during which, for seven days, they were to eat no bread but what was unleavened, in remembrance of their being confined to such bread, of necessity, for many days after they came out of Egypt, v. 14-20. The appointment is inculcated for their better direction, and that they might not mistake concerning it, and to awaken those who perhaps in Egypt had grown generally very stupid and careless in the matters of religion to a diligent observance of the institution. Now, without doubt, there was much of the gospel in this ordinance; it is often referred to in the New Testament, and, in it, to us is the gospel preached, and not to them only, who could not stedfastly look to the end of these things, Heb. 4:2; 2 Co. 3:13.
- 1. The paschal lamb was typical. Christ is our Passover, 1 Co. 5:7.
  - (1.) It was to be a lamb; and Christ is the Lamb of God (Jn. 1:29), often in the Revelation called the Lamb, meek and innocent as a lamb, dumb before the shearers, before the butchers.
  - (2.) It was to be a male of the first year (v. 5), in its prime; Christ offered up himself in the midst of his days, not in infancy with the babes of Bethlehem. It denotes the strength and sufficiency of the Lord Jesus, on whom our help was laid.
  - (3.) It was to be without blemish (v. 5), denoting the purity of the Lord Jesus, a Lamb without spot, 1 Pt. 1:19. The judge that condemned him (as if his trial were only like the scrutiny that was made concerning the sacrifices, whether they were without blemish or no) pronounced him innocent.
  - (4.) It was to be set apart four days before (v. 3, 6), denoting the designation of the Lord Jesus to be a Saviour, both in the purpose and in the promise. It is very observable that as Christ was crucified at the passover, so he solemnly entered into Jerusalem four days before, the very day that the paschal lamb was set apart.
  - (5.) It was to be slain, and roasted with fire (v. 6-9), denoting the exquisite sufferings of the Lord Jesus, even unto death, the death of the cross. The wrath of God is as fire, and Christ was made a curse for us.
  - (6.) It was to be killed by the whole congregation between the two evenings, that is, between three o'clock and six. Christ suffered in the end of the world (Heb. 9:26), by the hand of the Jews, the whole multitude of them (Lu. 23:18), and for the good of all his spiritual Israel.
  - (7.) Not a bone of it must be broken (v. 46), which is expressly said to be fulfilled in Christ (Jn. 19:33, 36), denoting the unbroken strength of the Lord Jesus.
- 2. The sprinkling of the blood was typical.
  - (1.) It was not enough that the blood of the lamb was shed, but it must be sprinkled, denoting the application of the merits of Christ's death to our souls; we must receive the atonement, Rom. 5:11.
  - (2.) It was to be sprinkled with a bunch of hyssop (v. 22) dipped in the basin. The everlasting covenant, like the basin, in the conservatory of this blood, the benefits and privileges purchased by it are laid up for us there; faith is the bunch of hyssop by which we apply the promises to ourselves and the benefits of the blood of Christ laid up in them.
  - (3.) It was to be sprinkled upon the door-posts, denoting the open profession we are to make of faith in Christ, and obedience to him, as those that are not ashamed to own our dependence upon him. The mark of the beast may be received on the forehead or in the right hand, but the seal of the Lamb is always in the forehead, Rev. 7:3. There is a back-way to hell, but no back-way to heaven; no, the only way to this is a high-way, Isa. 35:8.
  - (4.) It was to be sprinkled upon the lintel and the sideposts, but not upon the threshold (v. 7), which cautions us to take heed of trampling under foot the blood of the covenant, Heb. 10:29. It is precious blood, and must be precious to us.
  - (5.) The blood, thus sprinkled, was a means of the preservation of the Israelites from the destroying angel, who had nothing to do where the blood was. If the blood of Christ be sprinkled upon our consciences, it will be our protection from the wrath of God, the curse of the law, and the damnation of hell, Rom. 8:1.
- 3. The solemnly eating of the lamb was typical of our gospel-duty to Christ.
  - (1.) The paschal lamb was killed, not to be looked upon only, but to be fed upon; so we must by faith make Christ ours, as we do that which we eat, and we must receive spiritual strength and nourishment from him, as from our food, and have delight and satisfaction in him, as we have in eating and drinking when we are hungry or thirsty: see Jn. 6:53-55.
  - (2.) It was to be all eaten; those that by faith feed upon Christ must feed upon a whole Christ; they must take Christ and his yoke, Christ and his cross, as well as Christ and his crown. Is Christ divided? Those hat gather much of Christ will have nothing over.
  - (3.) It was to be eaten immediately, not deferred till morning, v. 10. To-day Christ is offered, and is to be accepted while it is called to-day, before we sleep the sleep of death.
  - (4.) It was to be eaten with bitter herbs (v. 8), in remembrance of the bitterness of their bondage in Egypt. We must feed upon Christ with sorrow and brokenness of heart, in remembrance of sin; this will give an admirable relish to the paschal lamb. Christ will be sweet to us if sin be bitter.
  - (5.) It was to be eaten in a departing posture (v. 11); when we feed upon Christ by faith we must absolutely forsake the rule and dominion of sin, shake off Pharaoh's yoke; and we must sit loose to the world, and every thing in it, forsake all for Christ, and reckon it no bad bargain, Heb. 13:13, 14.
- 4. The feast of unleavened bread was typical of the Christian life, 1 Co. 5:7, 8. Having received Christ Jesus the Lord,
  - (1.) We must keep a feast in holy joy, continually delighting ourselves in Christ Jesus; no manner of work must be done (v. 16), no care admitted or indulged, inconsistent with, or prejudicial to, this holy joy: if true believers have not a continual feast, it is their own fault.
  - (2.) It must be a feast of unleavened bread, kept in charity, without the leaven of malice, and in sincerity, without the leaven of hypocrisy. The law was very strict as to the passover, and the Jews were so in their usages, that no leaven should be found in their houses, v. 19. All the old leaven of sin must be put far from us, with the utmost caution and abhorrence, if we would keep the feast of a holy life to the honour of Christ.
  - (3.) It was by an ordinance for ever (v. 17); as long as we live, we must continue feeding upon Christ and rejoicing in him, always making thankful mention of the great things he has done for us.

Exd 12:21-28

I. Moses is here, as a faithful steward in God's house, teaching the children of Israel to observe all things which God had commanded him; and no doubt he gave the instructions as largely as he received them, though they are not so largely recorded. It is here added,
- 1. That this night, when the first-born were to be destroyed, no Israelite must stir out of doors till morning, that is, till towards morning, when they would be called to march out of Egypt, v. 22. Not but that the destroying angel could have known an Israelite from an Egyptian in the street; but God would intimate to them that their safety was owing to the blood of sprinkling; if they put themselves from under the protection of that, it was at their peril. Those whom God has marked for himself must not mingle with evil doers: see Isa. 26:20, 21. They must not go out of the doors, lest they should straggle and be out of the way when they should be summoned to depart: they must stay within, to wait for the salvation of the Lord, and it is good to do so.
- 2. That hereafter they should carefully teach their children the meaning of this service, v. 26, 27. Observe,
  - (1.) The question which the children would ask concerning this solemnity (which they would soon take notice of in the family): "What mean you by this service? What is he meaning of all this care and exactness about eating this lamb, and this unleavened bread, more than about common food? Why such a difference between this meal and other meals?' Note,
    - [1.] It is a good thing to see children inquisitive about the things of God; it is to be hoped that those who are careful to ask for the way will find it. Christ himself, when a child, heard and asked questions, Lu. 2:46.
    - [2.] It concerns us all rightly to understand the meaning of those holy ordinances wherein we worship God, what is the nature and what the end of them, what is signified and what intended, what is the duty expected from us in them and what are the advantages to be expected by us. Every ordinance has a meaning; some ordinances, as sacraments, have not their meaning so plain and obvious as others have; therefore we are concerned to search, that we may not offer the blind for sacrifice, but may do a reasonable service. If either we are ignorant of, or mistake about, the meaning of holy ordinances, we can neither please God nor profit ourselves.
  - (2.) The answer which the parents were to return to this question (v. 27): You shall say, It is the sacrifice of the Lord's passover, that is, "By the killing and sacrificing of this lamb, we keep in remembrance the work of wonder and grace which God did for our fathers, when,'
    - [1.] "To make way for our deliverance out of bondage, he slew the firstborn of the Egyptians, so compelling them to sign our discharge;' and,
    - [2.] "Though there were with us, even with us, sins against the Lord our God, for which the destroying angel, when he was abroad doing execution, might justly have destroyed our first-born too, yet God graciously appointed and accepted the family-sacrifice of a lamb, instead of the first-born, as, of old, the ram instead of Isaac, and in every house where the lamb was slain the first-born were saved.' The repetition of this solemnity in the return of every year was designed,
      - First, To look backward as a memorial, that in it they might remember what great things God had done for them and their fathers. The word pesach signifies a leap, or transition; it is a passing over; for the destroying angel passed over the houses of the Israelites, and did not destroy their first-born. When God brings utter ruin upon his people he says, I will not pass by them any more (Amos 7:8; 8:2), intimating how often he had passed by them, as now when the destroying angel passed over their houses. Note,
        
        1. Distinguishing mercies lay under peculiar obligations. When a thousand fall at our side, and ten thousand at our right hand, and yet we are preserved, and have our lives given us for a prey, this should greatly affect us, Ps. 91:7. In war or pestilence, if the arrow of death have passed by us, passed over us, hit the next to us and just missed us, we must not say it was by chance that we were preserved but by the special providence of our God.
        
        2. Old mercies to ourselves, or to our fathers, must not be forgotten, but be had in everlasting remembrance, that God may be praised, our faith in him encouraged, and our hearts enlarged in his service.
      - Secondly, It was designed to look forward as an earnest of the great sacrifice of the Lamb of God in the fulness of time, instead of us and our first-born. We were obnoxious to the sword of the destroying angel, but Christ our passover was sacrificed for us, his death was our life, and thus he was the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world, from the foundation of the Jewish church: Moses kept the passover by faith in Christ, for Christ was the end of the law for righteousness.
II. The people received these instructions with reverence and ready obedience.
- 1. They bowed the head and worshipped (v. 27): they hereby signified their submission to this institution as a law, and their thankfulness for it as a favour and privilege. Note, When God gives law to us, we must give honour to him; when he speaks, we must bow our heads and worship.
- 2. They went away and did as they were commanded, v. 23. Here was none of that discontent and murmuring among them which we read of, ch. 5:20, 21. The plagues of Egypt had done them good, and raised their expectations of a glorious deliverance, which before they despaired of; and now they went forth to meet it in the way appointed. Note, The perfecting of God's mercies to us must be waited for in a humble observance of his institutions.

Exd 12:29-36

Here we have,

I. The Egyptians' sons, even their first-born, slain, v. 29, 30. If Pharaoh would have taken the warning which was given him of this plague, and would thereupon have released Israel, what a great many dear and valuable lives might have been preserved! But see what obstinate infidelity brings upon men. Observe,
- 1. The time when this blow was given: It was at midnight, which added to the terror of it. The three preceding nights were made dreadful by the additional plague of darkness, which might be felt, and doubtless disturbed their repose; and now, when they hoped for one quiet night's rest, at midnight was the alarm given. When the destroying angel drew his sword against Jerusalem, it was in the day-time (2 Sa. 24:15), which made it the less frightful; but the destruction of Egypt was by a pestilence walking in darkness, Ps. 91:6. Shortly there will be an alarming cry at midnight, Behold, the bridegroom cometh.
- 2. On whom the plague fastened-on their first-born, the joy and hope of their respective families. They had slain the Hebrews' children, and now God slew theirs. Thus he visits the iniquity of the fathers upon the children; and he is not unrighteous who taketh vengeance.
- 3. How far it reached-from the throne to the dungeon. Prince and peasant stand upon the same level before God's judgments, for there is no respect of persons with him; see Job 34:19, 20. Now the slain of the Lord were many; multitudes, multitudes, fall in this valley of decision, when the controversy between God and Pharaoh was to be determined.
- 4. What an outcry was made upon it: There was a great cry in Egypt, universal lamentation for their only son (with many), and with all for their first-born. If any be suddenly taken ill in the night, we are wont to call up neighbours; but the Egyptians could have no help, no comfort, from their neighbours, all being involved in the same calamity. Let us learn hence,
  - (1.) To tremble before God, and to be afraid of his judgments, Ps. 119:120. Who is able to stand before him, or dares resist him?
  - (2.) To be thankful to God for the daily preservation of ourselves and our families: lying so much exposed, we have reason to say, "It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.'
II. God's sons, even his first-born, released; this judgment conquered Pharaoh, and obliged him to surrender at discretion, without capitulating. Men had better come up to God's terms at first, for he will never come down to theirs, let them object as long as they will. Now Pharaoh's pride is abased, and he yields to all that Moses had insisted on: Serve the Lord as you have said (v. 31), and take your flocks as you have said, v. 32. Note, God's word will stand, and we shall get nothing by disputing it, or delaying to submit to it. Hitherto the Israelites were not permitted to depart, but now things had come to the last extremity, in consequence of which,
- 1. They are commanded to depart: Rise up, and get you forth, v. 31. Pharaoh had told Moses he should see his face no more; but now he sent for him. Those will seek God early in their distress who before had set him at defiance. Such a fright he was now in that he gave orders by night for their discharge, fearing lest, if he delayed any longer, he himself should fall next; and that he sent them out, not as men hated (as the pagan historians have represented this matter), but as men feared, is plainly discovered by his humble request to them (v. 32): "Bless me also; let me have your prayers, that I may not be plagued for what is past, when you are gone.' Note, Those that are enemies to God's church are enemies to themselves, and, sooner or later, they will be made to see it.
- 2. They are hired to depart by the Egyptians; they cried out (v. 33), We be all dead men. Note, When death comes into our houses, it is seasonable for us to think of our own mortality. Are our relations dead? It is easy to infer thence that we are dying, and, in effect, already dead men. Upon this consideration they were urgent with the Israelites to be gone, which gave great advantage to the Israelites in borrowing their jewels, v. 35, 36. When the Egyptians urged them to be gone, it was easy for the to say that the Egyptians had kept them poor, that they could not undertake such a journey with empty purses, but, that, if they would give them wherewithal to bear their charges, they would be gone. And this the divine Providence designed in suffering things to come to this extremity, that they, becoming formidable to the Egyptians, might have what they would, for asking; the Lord also, by the influence he has on the minds of people, inclined the hearts of the Egyptians to furnish them with what they desired, they probably intending thereby to make atonement, that the plagues might be stayed, as the Philistines, when they returned the ark, sent a present with it for a trespass-offering, having an eye to this precedent, 1 Sa. 6:3, 6. The Israelites might receive and keep what they thus borrowed, or rather required, of the Egyptians,
  - (1.) As justly as servants receive wages from their masters for work done, and sue for it if it be detained.
  - (2.) As justly as conquerors take the spoils of their enemies whom they have subdued; Pharaoh was in rebellion against the God of the Hebrews, by which all that he had was forfeited.
  - (3.) As justly as subjects receive the estates granted to them by their prince. God is the sovereign proprietor of the earth, and the fulness thereof; and, if he take from one and give to another, who may say unto him, What doest thou? It was by God's special order and appointment that the Israelites did what they did, which was sufficient to justify them, and bear them out; but what they did will by no means authorize others (who cannot pretend to any such warrant) to do the same. Let us remember,
    - [1.] That the King of kings can do no wrong.
    - [2.] That he will do right to those whom men injure, Ps. 146:7. Hence it is that the wealth of the sinner often proves to be laid up for the just, Prov. 13:22; Job 27:16, 17.

Exd 12:37-42

Here is the departure of the children of Israel out of Egypt; having obtained their dismission, they set forward without delay, and did not defer to a more convenient season. Pharaoh was now in a good mind; but they had reason to think he would not long continue so, and therefore it was no time to linger. We have here an account,

1. Of their number, about 600,000 men (v. 37), besides women and children, which I think, we cannot suppose to make less than 1,200,000 more. What a vast increase was this, to arise from seventy souls in little more than 200 years' time! See the power and efficacy of that blessing, when God commands it, Be fruitful and multiply. This was typical of the multitudes that were brought into the gospel church when it was first founded; so mightily grew the word of God, and prevailed.
2. Of their retinue (v. 38): A mixed multitude went up with them, hangers on to that great family, some perhaps willing to leave their country, because it was laid waste by the plagues, and to seek their fortune, as we say, with the Israelites; others went out of curiosity, to see the solemnities of Israel's sacrifice to their God, which had been so much talked of, and expecting to see some glorious appearances of their God to them in the wilderness, having seen such glorious appearances of their God for them in the field of Zoan, Ps. 78:12. Probably the greatest part of this mixed multitude were but a rude unthinking mob, that followed the crowd they knew not why; we afterwards find that they proved a snare to them (Num. 11:4), and it is probable that when, soon afterwards, they understood that the children of Israel were to continue forty years in the wilderness, they quitted them, and returned to Egypt. Note, There were always those among the Israelites that were not Israelites, and there are still hypocrites in the church, who make a deal of mischief, but will be shaken off at last.
3. Of their effects. They had with them flocks and herds, even very much cattle. This is taken notice of because it was long before Pharaoh would give them leave to remove their effects, which were chiefly cattle, Gen. 46:32.
4. Of the provision made for the camp, which was very poor and slender. They brought some dough with them out of Egypt in their knapsacks, v. 34. They had prepared to bake, the next day, in order to their removal, understanding it was very near; but, being hastened away sooner than they thought of, by some hours, they took the dough as it was, unleavened; when they came to Succoth, their first stage, they baked unleavened cakes, and, though these were of course insipid, yet the liberty they were brought into made this the most joyful meal they had ever eaten in their lives. Note, The servants of God must not be slaves to their appetites, nor solicitous to wind up all the delights of sense to their highest pitch. We should be willing to take up with dry bread, nay, with unleavened bread, rather than neglect or delay any service we have to do for God, as those whose meat and drink it is to do his will.
5. Of the date of this great event: it was just 430 years from the promise made to Abraham (as the apostle explains it, Gal. 3:17) at his first coming into Canaan, during all which time the children of Israel, that is, the Hebrews, the distinguished chosen seed, were sojourners in a land that was not theirs, either Canaan or Egypt. So long the promise God made to Abraham of a settlement lay dormant and unfulfilled, but now, at length, it revived, and things began to work towards the accomplishment of it. The first day of the march of Abraham's seed towards Canaan was just 430 years (it should seem to a day) from the promise made to Abraham, Gen. 12:2, I will make of thee a great nation. See how punctual God is to his time; though his promises be not performed quickly, they will be accomplished in their season.
6. Of the memorableness of it: It is a night to be much observed, v. 42.
- (1.) The providences of that first night were very observable; memorable was the destruction of the Egyptians, and the deliverance of the Israelites by it; God herein made himself taken notice of.
- (2.) The ordinances of that night, in the annual return of it, were to be carefully observed: This is that night of the Lord, that remarkable night, to be celebrated in all generations. Note, The great things God does for his people are not to be a nine days' wonder, as we say, but the remembrance of them is to be perpetuated throughout all ages, especially the work of our redemption by Christ. This first passover-night was a night of the Lord much to be observed; but the last passover-night, in which Christ was betrayed (and in which the passover, with the rest of the ceremonial institutions, was superseded and abolished), was a night of the Lord much more to be observed, when a yoke heavier than that of Egypt was broken from off our necks, and a land better than that of Canaan set before us. That was a temporal deliverance to be celebrated in their generation; this is an eternal redemption to be celebrated in the praises of glorious saints, world without end.

Exd 12:43-51

Some further precepts are here given concerning the passover, as it should be observed in times to come.

I. All the congregation of Israel must keep it, v. 47. All that share in God's mercies should join in thankful praises for them. Though it was observed in families apart, yet it is looked upon as the act of the whole congregation; for the smaller communities constituted the greater. The New-Testament passover, the Lord's supper, ought not to be neglected by any who are capable of celebrating it. He is unworthy the name of an Israelite that can contentedly neglect the commemoration of so great a deliverance.
- 1. No stranger that was uncircumcised might be admitted to eat of it, v. 43, 45, 48. None might sit at the table but those that came in by the door; nor may any now approach to the improving ordinance of the Lord's supper who have not first submitted to the initiating ordinance of baptism. We must be born again by the word ere we can be nourished by it. Nor shall any partake of the benefit of Christ's sacrifice, or feast upon it, who are not first circumcised in heart, Col. 2:11.
- 2. Any stranger that was circumcised might be welcome to eat of the passover, even servants, v. 44. If, by circumcision, they would make themselves debtors to the law in its burdens, they were welcome to share in the joy of its solemn feasts, and not otherwise. Only it is intimated (v. 48) that those who were masters of families must not only be circumcised themselves, but have all their males circumcised too. If in sincerity, and with that zeal which the thing required and deserves, we give up ourselves to God, we shall, with ourselves, give up all we have to him, and do our utmost that all ours may be his too. Here is an early indication of favour to the poor Gentiles, that the stranger, if circumcised, stands upon the same level with the home-born Israelite. One law for both, v. 49. This was a mortification to the Jews, and taught them that it was their dedication to God, not their descent from Abraham, that entitled them to their privileges. A sincere proselyte was as welcome to the passover as a native Israelite, Isa. 56:6, 7.
II. In one house shall it be eaten (v. 46), for good-fellowship sake, that they might rejoice together, and edify one another in the eating of it. None of it must be carried to another place, nor left to another time; for God would not have them so taken up with care about their departure as to be indisposed to take the comfort of it, but to leave Egypt, and enter upon a wilderness, with cheerfulness, and, in token of that, to eat a good hearty meal. The papists' carrying their consecrated host from house to house is not only superstitious in itself, but contrary to this typical law of the passover, which directed that no part of the lamb should be carried abroad.

The chapter concludes with a repetition of the whole matter, that the children of Israel did as they were bidden, and God did for them as he promised (v. 50, 51); for he will certainly be the author of salvation to those that obey him.

Worthy.Bible » STRONG » Exodus » Chapter 12 » Verse 3

Exodus 12:3 King James Version with Strong's Concordance (STRONG)

Cross Reference

Numbers 1:1-54 STRONG

Revelation 7:9-14 STRONG

Revelation 5:6-13 STRONG

Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Matthew Henry Commentary » Commentary on Exodus 12

Commentary on Exodus 12 Matthew Henry Commentary

Chapter 12