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Judges 14:10-17 King James Version with Strong's Concordance (STRONG)

10 So his father H1 went down H3381 unto the woman: H802 and Samson H8123 made H6213 there a feast; H4960 for so used the young men H970 to do. H6213

11 And it came to pass, when they saw H7200 him, that they brought H3947 thirty H7970 companions H4828 to be with him.

12 And Samson H8123 said H559 unto them, I will now put forth H2330 a riddle H2420 unto you: if ye can certainly H5046 declare H5046 it me within the seven H7651 days H3117 of the feast, H4960 and find it out, H4672 then I will give H5414 you thirty H7970 sheets H5466 and thirty H7970 change H2487 of garments: H899

13 But if ye cannot H3201 declare H5046 it me, then shall ye give H5414 me thirty H7970 sheets H5466 and thirty H7970 change H2487 of garments. H899 And they said H559 unto him, Put forth H2330 thy riddle, H2420 that we may hear H8085 it.

14 And he said H559 unto them, Out of the eater H398 came forth H3318 meat, H3978 and out of the strong H5794 came forth H3318 sweetness. H4966 And they could H3201 not in three H7969 days H3117 expound H5046 the riddle. H2420

15 And it came to pass on the seventh H7637 day, H3117 that they said H559 unto Samson's H8123 wife, H802 Entice H6601 thy husband, H376 that he may declare H5046 unto us the riddle, H2420 lest we burn H8313 thee and thy father's H1 house H1004 with fire: H784 have ye called H7121 us to take that we have? H3423 is it not so?

16 And Samson's H8123 wife H802 wept H1058 before him, and said, H559 Thou dost but hate H8130 me, and lovest H157 me not: thou hast put forth H2330 a riddle H2420 unto the children H1121 of my people, H5971 and hast not told H5046 it me. And he said H559 unto her, Behold, I have not told H5046 it my father H1 nor my mother, H517 and shall I tell H5046 it thee?

17 And she wept H1058 before him the seven H7651 days, H3117 while their feast H4960 lasted: H1961 and it came to pass on the seventh H7637 day, H3117 that he told H5046 her, because she lay sore H6693 upon him: and she told H5046 the riddle H2420 to the children H1121 of her people. H5971

Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Keil & Delitzsch Commentary » Commentary on Judges 14

Commentary on Judges 14 Keil & Delitzsch Commentary


Verse 1-2

Samson's First Transactions with the Philistines. - Judges 14:1-9. At Tibnath, the present Tibne , an hour's journey to the south-west of Sur'a (see at Joshua 15:10), to which Samson had gone down from Zorea or Mahaneh-dan, he saw a daughter of the Philistines who pleased him; and on his return he asked his parents to take her for him as a wife ( לקח , to take, as in Exodus 21:9).


Verse 3-4

His parents expressed their astonishment at the choice, and asked him whether there was not a woman among the daughters of his brethren (i.e., the members of his own tribe), or among all his people, that he should want to fetch one from the Philistines, the uncircumcised. But Samson repeated his request, because the daughter of the Philistines pleased him. The aversion of his parents to the marriage was well founded, as such a marriage was not in accordance with the law. It is true that the only marriages expressly prohibited in Exodus 34:16 and Deuteronomy 7:3-4, are marriages with Canaanitish women; but the reason assigned for this prohibition was equally applicable to marriages with daughters of the Philistines. In fact, the Philistines are reckoned among the Canaanites in Joshua 13:3 upon the very same ground. But Samson was acting under a higher impulse, whereas his parents did not know that it was from Jehovah, i.e., that Jehovah had so planned it; “ for Samson was seeking an opportunity on account of the Philistines, ” i.e., an occasion to quarrel with them, because, as is afterwards added in the form of an explanatory circumstantial clause, the Philistines had dominion over Israel at that time. תּאנה , ἁπ. λεγ. , an opportunity (cf. התאנּה , 2 Kings 5:7).


Verse 5-6

When Samson went down with his parents to Timnath, a young lion came roaring towards him at the vineyards of that town. Then the Spirit of Jehovah came upon him, so that he tore the lion in pieces as a kid is torn ( lit . “like the tearing in pieces of the kid”), although he had nothing, i.e., no weapon, in his hand. David, when a shepherd, and the hero Benaiah, also slew lions (1 Samuel 17:34-35; 2 Samuel 23:20); and even at the present day Arabs sometimes kill lions with a staff (see Winer , Bibl. R. W. Art. Lצwe). Samson's supernatural strength, the effect of the Spirit of Jehovah, which came upon him, was simply manifested in the fact that he tore the lion in pieces without any weapon whatever in his hand. But he said nothing about it to his parents, who were not eyewitnesses of the deed. This remark is introduced in connection with what follows.


Verse 7

When he came to Timnath he talked with the girl, and she pleased him. He had only seen her before (Judges 14:1); but now that his parents had asked for her, he talked with her, and found the first impression that he had received of her fully confirmed.


Verse 8

When some time had elapsed after the betrothal, he came again to fetch her (take her home, marry her), accompanied, as we learn from Judges 14:9, by his parents. On the way “ he turned aside (from the road) to see the carcase of the lion; and behold a swarm of bees was in the body of the lion, also honey. ” The word מפּלת , which only occurs here, is derived from נפל , like πτῶμα from πίπτω , and is synonymous with נבלה , cadaver , and signifies not the mere skeleton, as bees would not form their hive in such a place, but the carcase of the lion, which had been thoroughly dried up by the heat of the sun, without passing into a state of putrefaction. “In the desert of Arabia the heat of a sultry season will often dry up all the moisture of men or camels that have fallen dead, within twenty-four hours of their decease, without their passing into a state of decomposition and putrefaction, so that they remain for a long time like mummies, without change and without stench” ( Rosenmüller , Bibl. Althk. iv. 2, p. 424). In a carcase dried up in this way, a swarm of bees might form their hive, just as well as in the hollow trunks of trees, or clefts in the rock, or where wild bees are accustomed to form them, notwithstanding the fact that bees avoid both dead bodies and carrion (see Bochart, Hieroz, ed. Ros . iii. p. 355).


Verse 9

Samson took it (the honey) in his hands, ate some of it as he went, and also gave some to his father and mother to eat, but did not tell them that he had got the honey out of the dead body of the lion; for in that case they would not only have refused to eat it as being unclean, but would have been aware of the fact, which Samson afterwards took as the subject of the riddle that he proposed to the Philistines. רדה , to tread, to tread down; hence to get forcible possession of, not to break or to take out, neither of which meanings can be established. The combination of רדה and אל־כּפּיו is a pregnant construction, signifying to obtain possession of and take into the hands.


Verses 10-20

Samson's Wedding and Riddle . - Judges 14:10. When his father had come down to the girl (sc., to keep the wedding, not merely to make the necessary preparations for his marriage), Samson prepared for a feast there (in Timnath), according to the usual custom (for so used the young men to do).

Judges 14:11

And when they saw him, they fetched thirty friends, and they were with him .” The parents or relations of the bride are the subject of the first clause. They invited thirty of their friends in Timnath to the marriage feast, as “children of the bride-chamber” (Matthew 9:15), since Samson had not brought any with him. The reading כּראותם from ראה needs no alteration, though Bertheau would read כּראתם daer from ירא , in accordance with the rendering of the lxx ( Cod. Al .) and Josephus , ἐν τῷ φοβεῖσθαι αὐτούς . Fear of Samson would neither be in harmony with the facts themselves, nor with the words אתּו ויּהיוּ , “ they were with him, ” which it is felt to be necessary to paraphrase in the most arbitrary manner “they watched him.”

Judges 14:12-14

At the wedding feast Samson said to the guests, “ I will give you a riddle. If you show it to me during the seven days of the meal (the wedding festival), and guess it, I will give you thirty sedinim ( σινδόνες , tunicae , i.e., clothes worn next to the skin) and thirty changes of garments (costly dresses, that were frequently changed: see at Genesis 45:22); but if ye cannot show it to me, ye shall give me the same number of garments. ” The custom or proposing riddles at banquets by way of entertainment is also to be met with among the ancient Grecians. (For proofs from Athenaeus, Pollux, Gellius, see Bochart , Hieroz. P. ii. l. ii. c. 12; and K. O. Müller , Dorier, ii. p. 392). As the guests consented to this proposal, Samson gave them the following riddle (Judges 14:14): “ Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. ” This riddle they could not show, i.e., solve, for three days. That is to say, they occupied themselves for three days in trying to find the solution; after that they let the matter rest until the appointed term was drawing near.

Judges 14:15-16

On the seventh day they said to Samson's wife, “ Persuade thy husband to show us the riddle, ” sc., through thee, without his noticing it, “ lest we burn thee and thy father's house with fire. Have ye invited us to make us poor; is it not so? ” In this threat the barbarism and covetousness of the Philistines came openly to light. הלירשׁנוּ without Metheg in the י is the inf . Kal of ירשׁ , to make poor-a meaning derived from inheriting, not the Piel of ירשׁ = רוּשׁ , to be poor. הלא , nonne , strengthens the interrogative clause, and has not the signification “here” = הלם . Samson's wife, however, wept over him, i.e., urged him with tears in her eyes, and said, “ Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not; thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people (my countrymen), and hast not shown it to me .” חדתּה is from חוּד . Samson replied, that he had not even shown it to his father and mother, “ and shall I show it to thee?

Judges 14:17

Thus his wife wept before him the seven days of the banquet. ” This statement is not at variance with that in Judges 14:15, to the effect that it was only on the seventh day that the Philistine young men urged her with threats to entice Samson to tell the riddle, but may be explained very simply in the following manner. The woman had already come to Samson every day with her entreaties from simple curiosity; but Samson resisted them until the seventh day, when she became more urgent than ever, in consequence of this threat on the part of the Philistines. And “ Samson showed it to her, because she lay sore upon him; ” whereupon she immediately betrayed it to her countrymen.

Judges 14:18

Thus on the seventh day, before the sun went down ( חרסה = חרס , Judges 8:13; Job 9:7, with a toneless ah , a softening down of the feminine termination: see Ewald , §173, h .), the men of the city (i.e., the thirty young men who had been invited) said to Samson, “What is sweeter than honey, and what stronger than a lion?” But Samson saw through the whole thing, and replied, “ If ye had not ploughed with my heifer, ye had not hit upon (guessed) my riddle, ”-a proverbial saying, the meaning of which is perfectly clear.

Judges 14:19

Nevertheless he was obliged to keep his promise (Judges 14:12). Then the Spirit of Jehovah came upon him. He went down to Ashkelon, slew thirty men of them, i.e., of the Ashkelonites, took their clothes ( חליצות , exuviae : see 2 Samuel 2:21), and gave the changes of garments to those who had shown the riddle. This act is described as the operation of the Spirit of Jehovah which came upon Samson, because it showed to the Philistines the superior power of the servants of Jehovah. It was not carnal revenge that had impelled Samson to the deed. It was not till the deed itself was done that his anger was kindled; and even then it was not against the Philistines, to whom he had been obliged to pay or give the thirty garments, but against his wife, who had betrayed his secret to her countrymen, so that he returned to his father's house, viz., without his wife.

Judges 14:20

And Samson's wife was given to his friend, whom he had chosen as a friend .” מרע is not doubt to be understood here in the sense of “the friend of the bridegroom” (John 3:29), ὁ νυμφαγωγός (lxx), the conductor of the bride-namely, one of the thirty companions (Judges 14:10), whom Samson had entrusted with this office at the marriage festival. The faithlessness of the Philistines towards the Israelites was no doubt apparent here; for even if Samson went home enraged at the treacherous behaviour of his wife, without taking her with him, he did not intend to break the marriage tie, as Judges 15:1-2 clearly shows. So that instead of looking at the wrong by which Samson felt himself aggrieved, and trying to mitigate his wrath, the parents of the woman made the breach irreparable by giving their daughter as a wife to his companion.