1 Now G1161 the feast G1859 of unleavened bread G106 drew nigh, G1448 which is called G3004 the Passover. G3957
2 And G2532 the chief priests G749 and G2532 scribes G1122 sought G2212 how G4459 they might kill G337 him; G846 for G1063 they feared G5399 the people. G2992
3 Then G1161 entered G1525 Satan G4567 into G1519 Judas G2455 surnamed G1941 Iscariot, G2469 being G5607 of G1537 the number G706 of the twelve. G1427
4 And G2532 he went his way, G565 and communed with G4814 the chief priests G749 and G2532 captains, G4755 how G4459 he might betray G3860 him G846 unto them. G846
5 And G2532 they were glad, G5463 and G2532 covenanted G4934 to give G1325 him G846 money. G694
6 And G2532 he promised, G1843 and G2532 sought G2212 opportunity G2120 to betray G3860 him G846 unto them G846 in the absence G817 of the multitude. G3793
7 Then G1161 came G2064 the day G2250 of unleavened bread, G106 when G1722 G3739 the passover G3957 must G1163 be killed. G2380
8 And G2532 he sent G649 Peter G4074 and G2532 John, G2491 saying, G2036 Go G4198 and prepare G2090 us G2254 the passover, G3957 that G2443 we may eat. G5315
9 And G1161 they said G2036 unto him, G846 Where G4226 wilt thou G2309 that we prepare? G2090
10 And G1161 he said G2036 unto them, G846 Behold, G2400 when ye G5216 are entered G1525 into G1519 the city, G4172 there shall G4876 a man G444 meet G4876 you, G5213 bearing G941 a pitcher G2765 of water; G5204 follow G190 him G846 into G1519 the house G3614 where G3757 he entereth in. G1531
11 And G2532 ye shall say G2046 unto the goodman G3617 of the house, G3614 The Master G1320 saith G3004 unto thee, G4671 Where G4226 is G2076 the guestchamber, G2646 where G3699 I shall eat G5315 the passover G3957 with G3326 my G3450 disciples? G3101
12 And G2548 he shall shew G1166 you G5213 a large G3173 upper room G508 furnished: G4766 there G1563 make ready. G2090
13 And G1161 they went, G565 and found G2147 as G2531 he had said G2046 unto them: G846 and G2532 they made ready G2090 the passover. G3957
14 And G2532 when G3753 the hour G5610 was come, G1096 he sat down, G377 and G2532 the twelve G1427 apostles G652 with G4862 him. G846
15 And G2532 he said G2036 unto G4314 them, G846 With desire G1939 I have desired G1937 to eat G5315 this G5124 passover G3957 with G3326 you G5216 before G4253 I G3165 suffer: G3958
16 For G1063 I say G3004 unto you, G5213 G3754 I will G5315 not G3765 any more G3364 eat G5315 thereof, G846 G1537 until G2193 G3755 it be fulfilled G4137 in G1722 the kingdom G932 of God. G2316
17 And G2532 he took G1209 the cup, G4221 and gave thanks, G2168 and said, G2036 Take G2983 this, G5124 and G2532 divide G1266 it among yourselves: G1438
18 For G1063 I say G3004 unto you, G5213 G3754 I will G4095 not G3364 drink G4095 of G575 the fruit G1081 of the vine, G288 until G2193 G3755 the kingdom G932 of God G2316 shall come. G2064
19 And G2532 he took G2983 bread, G740 and gave thanks, G2168 and brake G2806 it, and G2532 gave G1325 unto them, G846 saying, G3004 This G5124 is G2076 my G3450 body G4983 which G3588 is given G1325 for G5228 you: G5216 this G5124 do G4160 in remembrance G364 of G1519 me. G1699
20 Likewise G5615 also G2532 the cup G4221 after G3326 supper, G1172 saying, G3004 This G5124 cup G4221 is the new G2537 testament G1242 in G1722 my G3450 blood, G129 which G3588 is shed G1632 for G5228 you. G5216
21 But, G4133 behold, G2400 the hand G5495 of him that betrayeth G3860 me G3165 is with G3326 me G1700 on G1909 the table. G5132
22 And G2532 truly G3303 the Son G5207 of man G444 goeth, G4198 as G2596 it was determined: G3724 but G4133 woe G3759 unto that G1565 man G444 by G1223 whom G3739 he is betrayed! G3860
23 And G2532 they G846 began G756 to enquire G4802 among G4314 themselves, G1438 which G5101 G686 of G1537 them G846 it was G1498 that should G3195 do G4238 this thing. G5124
24 And G1161 there was G1096 also G2532 a strife G5379 among G1722 them, G846 which G5101 of them G846 should be accounted G1380 G1511 the greatest. G3187
25 And G1161 he said G2036 unto them, G846 The kings G935 of the Gentiles G1484 exercise lordship over G2961 them; G846 and G2532 they that exercise authority upon G1850 them G846 are called G2564 benefactors. G2110
26 But G1161 ye G5210 shall not G3756 be so: G3779 but G235 he that is greatest G3187 among G1722 you, G5213 let him be G1096 as G5613 the younger; G3501 and G2532 he that is chief, G2233 as G5613 he that doth serve. G1247
27 For G1063 whether G5101 is greater, G3187 he that sitteth at meat, G345 or G2228 he that serveth? G1247 is not G3780 he that sitteth at meat? G345 but G1161 I G1473 am G1510 among G1722 G3319 you G5216 as G5613 he that serveth. G1247
28 G1161 Ye G5210 are G2075 they which have continued G1265 with G3326 me G1700 in G1722 my G3450 temptations. G3986
29 And I G2504 appoint G1303 unto you G5213 a kingdom, G932 as G2531 my G3450 Father G3962 hath appointed G1303 unto me; G3427
30 That G2443 ye may eat G2068 and G2532 drink G4095 at G1909 my G3450 table G5132 in G1722 my G3450 kingdom, G932 and G2532 sit G2523 on G1909 thrones G2362 judging G2919 the twelve G1427 tribes G5443 of Israel. G2474
31 And G1161 the Lord G2962 said, G2036 Simon, G4613 Simon, G4613 behold, G2400 Satan G4567 hath desired G1809 to have you, G5209 that he may sift G4617 you as G5613 wheat: G4621
32 But G1161 I G1473 have prayed G1189 for G4012 thee, G4675 that G3363 thy G4675 faith G4102 fail G1587 not: G3363 and G2532 when G4218 thou G4771 art converted, G1994 strengthen G4741 thy G4675 brethren. G80
33 And G1161 he said G2036 unto him, G846 Lord, G2962 I am G1510 ready G2092 to go G4198 with G3326 thee, G4675 both G2532 into G1519 prison, G5438 and G2532 to G1519 death. G2288
34 And G1161 he said, G2036 I tell G3004 thee, G4671 Peter, G4074 the cock G220 shall G5455 not G3364 crow G5455 this day, G4594 before that G4250 thou shalt G2228 thrice G5151 deny G533 that thou G3361 knowest G1492 me. G3165
35 And G2532 he said G2036 unto them, G846 When G3753 I sent G649 you G5209 without G817 purse, G905 and G2532 scrip, G4082 and G2532 shoes, G5266 G3361 lacked ye G5302 any thing? G5100 And G1161 they said, G2036 Nothing. G3762
36 Then G3767 said he G2036 unto them, G846 But G235 now, G3568 he that hath G2192 a purse, G905 let him take G142 it, and G2532 likewise G3668 his scrip: G4082 and G2532 he that hath G2192 no G3361 sword, G3162 let him sell G4453 his G846 garment, G2440 and G2532 buy G59 one.
37 For G1063 I say G3004 unto you, G5213 that G3754 this G5124 that is written G1125 must G1163 yet G2089 be accomplished G5055 in G1722 me, G1698 And G2532 he was reckoned G3049 among G3326 the transgressors: G459 for G2532 G1063 the things concerning G4012 me G1700 have G2192 an end. G5056
38 And G1161 they said, G2036 Lord, G2962 behold, G2400 here G5602 are two G1417 swords. G3162 And G1161 he said G2036 unto them, G846 It is G2076 enough. G2425
39 And G2532 he came out, G1831 and went, G4198 as G2596 he was wont, G1485 to G1519 the mount G3735 of Olives; G1636 and G1161 his G846 disciples G3101 also G2532 followed G190 him. G846
40 And G1161 when he was G1096 at G1909 the place, G5117 he said G2036 unto them, G846 Pray G4336 that ye enter G1525 not G3361 into G1519 temptation. G3986
41 And G2532 he G846 was withdrawn G645 from G575 them G846 about G5616 a stone's G3037 cast, G1000 and G2532 kneeled down, G5087 G1119 and prayed, G4336
42 Saying, G3004 Father, G3962 if G1487 thou be willing, G1014 remove G3911 this G5124 cup G4221 from G575 me: G1700 nevertheless G4133 not G3361 my G3450 will, G2307 but G235 thine, G4674 be done. G1096
43 And G1161 there appeared G3700 an angel G32 unto him G846 from G575 heaven, G3772 strengthening G1765 him. G846
44 And G2532 being G1096 in G1722 an agony G74 he prayed G4336 more earnestly: G1617 and G1161 his G846 sweat G2402 was G1096 as it were G5616 great drops G2361 of blood G129 falling down G2597 to G1909 the ground. G1093
45 And G2532 when he rose up G450 from G575 prayer, G4335 and was come G2064 to G4314 his G846 disciples, G3101 he found G2147 them G846 sleeping G2837 for G575 sorrow, G3077
46 And G2532 said G2036 unto them, G846 Why G5101 sleep ye? G2518 rise G450 and pray, G4336 lest G3363 ye enter G1525 into G1519 temptation. G3986
47 And G1161 while he G846 yet G2089 spake, G2980 behold G2400 a multitude, G3793 and G2532 he that was called G3004 Judas, G2455 one G1520 of the twelve, G1427 went before G4281 them, G846 and G2532 drew near G1448 unto Jesus G2424 to kiss G5368 him. G846
48 But G1161 Jesus G2424 said G2036 unto him, G846 Judas, G2455 betrayest thou G3860 the Son G5207 of man G444 with a kiss? G5370
49 When G1161 they which were about G4012 him G846 saw G1492 what would follow, G2071 they said G2036 unto him, G846 Lord, G2962 G1487 shall we smite G3960 with G1722 the sword? G3162
50 And G2532 one G1520 G5100 of G1537 them G846 smote G3960 the servant G1401 of the high priest, G749 and G2532 cut off G851 his G846 right G1188 ear. G3775
51 And G1161 Jesus G2424 answered G611 and said, G2036 Suffer ye G1439 thus G5127 far. G2193 And G2532 he touched G680 his G846 ear, G5621 and healed G2390 him. G846
52 Then G1161 Jesus G2424 said G2036 unto G4314 the chief priests, G749 and G2532 captains G4755 of the temple, G2411 and G2532 the elders, G4245 which were come G3854 to G1909 him, G846 Be ye come out, G1831 as G5613 against G1909 a thief, G3027 with G3326 swords G3162 and G2532 staves? G3586
53 When G5607 I G3450 was G5607 daily G2250 G2596 with G3326 you G5216 in G1722 the temple, G2411 ye stretched forth G1614 no G3756 hands G5495 against G1909 me: G1691 but G235 this G3778 is G2076 your G5216 hour, G5610 and G2532 the power G1849 of darkness. G4655
54 Then G1161 took they G4815 him, G846 and led G71 him, and G2532 brought G1521 him G846 into G1519 the high priest's G749 house. G3624 And G1161 Peter G4074 followed G190 afar off. G3113
55 And G1161 when they G846 had kindled G681 a fire G4442 in G1722 the midst G3319 of the hall, G833 and G2532 were set down together, G4776 Peter G4074 sat down G2521 among G3319 G1722 them. G846
56 But G1161 a certain G5100 maid G3814 beheld G1492 him G846 as he sat G2521 by G4314 the fire, G5457 and G2532 earnestly looked G816 upon him, G846 and said, G2036 This man G3778 was G2258 also G2532 with G4862 him. G846
57 And G1161 he denied G720 him, G846 saying, G3004 Woman, G1135 I know G1492 him G846 not. G3756
58 And G2532 after G3326 a little while G1024 another G2087 saw G1492 him, G846 and said, G5346 Thou G4771 art G1488 also G2532 of G1537 them. G846 And G1161 Peter G4074 said, G2036 Man, G444 I am G1510 not. G3756
59 And G2532 about G5616 the space G1339 of one G3391 hour G5610 after another G243 G5100 confidently affirmed, G1340 saying, G3004 Of G1909 a truth G225 this G3778 fellow also G2532 was G2258 with G3326 him: G846 for G1063 G2532 he is G2076 a Galilaean. G1057
60 And G1161 Peter G4074 said, G2036 Man, G444 I know G1492 not G3756 what G3739 thou sayest. G3004 And G2532 immediately, G3916 while he G846 yet G2089 spake, G2980 the cock G220 crew. G5455
61 And G2532 the Lord G2962 turned, G4762 and looked upon G1689 Peter. G4074 And G2532 Peter G4074 remembered G5279 the word G3056 of the Lord, G2962 how G5613 he had said G2036 unto him, G846 Before G3754 G4250 the cock G220 crow, G5455 thou shalt deny G533 me G3165 thrice. G5151
62 And G2532 Peter G4074 went G1831 out, G1854 and wept G2799 bitterly. G4090
63 And G2532 the men G435 that held G4912 Jesus G2424 mocked G1702 him, G846 and smote G1194 him.
64 And G2532 when they had blindfolded G4028 him, G846 they struck G5180 him G846 on the face, G4383 and G2532 asked G1905 him, G846 saying, G3004 Prophesy, G4395 who G5101 is it G2076 that smote G3817 thee? G4571
65 And G2532 many G4183 other things G2087 blasphemously G987 spake they G3004 against G1519 him. G846
66 And G2532 as soon as G5613 it was G1096 day, G2250 the elders G4244 of the people G2992 and G5037 the chief priests G749 and G2532 the scribes G1122 came together, G4863 and G2532 led G321 him G846 into G1519 their G1438 council, G4892 saying, G3004
67 G1487 Art G1488 thou G4771 the Christ? G5547 tell G2036 us. G2254 And G1161 he said G2036 unto them, G846 If G1437 I tell G2036 you, G5213 ye will G4100 not G3364 believe: G4100
68 And G1161 if G1437 I also G2532 ask G2065 you, ye will G611 not G3364 answer G611 me, G3427 nor G2228 let me go. G630
69 Hereafter G3568 G575 shall G2071 the Son G5207 of man G444 sit G2521 on G1537 the right hand G1188 of the power G1411 of God. G2316
70 Then G1161 said G5346 they all, G3956 Art G1488 thou G4771 then G3767 the Son G5207 of God? G2316 And G1161 he said G2036 unto G4314 them, G846 Ye G5210 say G3004 that G3754 I G1473 am. G1510
71 And G1161 they said, G2036 What G5101 need G2192 we G5532 any further G2089 witness? G3141 for G1063 we ourselves G846 have heard G191 of G575 his own G846 mouth. G4750
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on Luke 22
Commentary on Luke 22 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 22
Lu 22:1-6. Conspiracy of the Jewish Authorities to Put Jesus to Death—Compact with Judas.
1, 2. (See on Mt 26:1-5.)
3. Then entered Satan, &c.—but not yet in the full sense. The awful stages of it were these: (1) Covetousness being his master—passion, the Lord let it reveal itself and gather strength by entrusting him with "the bag" (Joh 12:6), as treasurer to Himself and the Twelve. (2) In the discharge of that most sacred trust he became "a thief," appropriating its contents from time to time to his own use. Satan, seeing this door into his heart standing wide open, determines to enter by it, but cautiously (2Co 2:11); first merely "putting it into his heart to betray Him" (Joh 13:2), suggesting the thought to him that by this means he might enrich himself. (3) This thought was probably converted into a settled purpose by what took place in Simon's house at Bethany. (See Mt 26:6, and see on Joh 12:4-8.) (4) Starting back, perhaps, or mercifully held back, for some time, the determination to carry it into immediate effect was not consummated till, sitting at the paschal supper, "Satan entered into him" (see on Joh 13:27), and conscience, effectually stifled, only rose again to be his tormentor. What lessons in all this for every one (Eph 4:27; Jas 4:7; 1Pe 5:8, 9)!
5. money—"thirty pieces of silver" (Mt 26:15); thirty shekels, the fine payable for man- or maid-servant accidentally killed (Ex 21:32), and equal to between four and five pounds of our money—"a goodly price that I was priced at of them" (Zec 11:13). (See on Joh 19:16.)
6. in the absence, &c.—(See Mt 26:5).
Lu 22:7-38. Last Passover—Institution of the Supper—Discourse at the Table.
7. the day of unleavened bread—strictly the fifteenth Nisan (part of our March and April) after the paschal lamb was killed; but here, the fourteenth (Thursday). Into the difficult questions raised on this we cannot here enter.
10-13. when ye are entered the city—He Himself probably stayed at Bethany during the day.
there shall a man, &c.—(See on Lu 19:29-32).
14-18. the hour—about six P.M. Between three and this hour the lamb was killed (Ex 12:6, Margin)
15. With desire … desired—"earnestly have I longed" (as Ge 31:30, "sore longedst"). Why? It was to be His last "before He suffered"—and so became "Christ our Passover sacrificed for us" (1Co 5:7), when it was "fulfilled in the Kingdom of God," the typical ordinance thenceforth disappearing.
17. took the cup—the first of several partaken of in this service.
divide it among, &c.—that is, It is to be your last as well as Mine, "until the Kingdom of God come," or as it is beautifully given in Mt 26:29, "until that day when I shall drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom." It was the point of transition between two economies and their two great festivals, the one about to close for ever, the other immediately to open and run its majestic career until from earth it be transferred to heaven.
21, 22. (See on Joh 13:21, &c.).
24-30. there was—or "had been," referring probably to some symptoms of the former strife which had reappeared, perhaps on seeing the whole paschal arrangements committed to two of the Twelve. (See on Mr 10:42-45.)
25. benefactors—a title which the vanity of princes eagerly coveted.
26. But ye … not—Of how little avail has this condemnation of "lordship" and vain titles been against the vanity of Christian ecclesiastics?
28. continued, &c.—affecting evidence of Christ's tender susceptibility to human sympathy and support! (See on Joh 6:66, 67; see Joh 16:32.)
29. I appoint, &c.—Who is this that dispenses kingdoms, nay, the Kingdom of kingdoms, within an hour or two of His apprehension, and less than a day of His shameful death? These sublime contrasts, however, perpetually meet and entrance us in this matchless history.
30. eat and drink, &c.—(See Lu 22:16 and see on Lu 18:28, &c.).
31-34. Simon, Simon—(See on Lu 10:41).
desired to have—rather, "hath obtained you," properly "asked and obtained"; alluding to Job (Job 1:6-12; 2:1-6), whom he solicited and obtained that he might sift him as wheat, insinuating as "the accuser of the brethren" (Re 12:10), that he would find chaff enough in his religion, if indeed there was any wheat at all.
you—not Peter only, but them all.
32. But I have prayed—have been doing it already.
for thee—as most in danger. (See on Lu 22:61, 62.)
fail not—that is, entirely; for partially it did fail.
converted—brought back afresh as a penitent disciple.
strengthen, &c.—that is, make use of thy bitter experience for the fortifying of thy tempted brethren.
33. I am ready, &c.—honest-hearted, warmly-attached disciple, thinking thy present feelings immovable as a rock, thou shalt find them in the hour of temptation unstable as water: "I have been praying for thee," therefore thy faith shall not perish; but thinking this superfluous, thou shalt find that "he that trusteth in his own heart is a fool" (Pr 28:26).
34. cock … crow—"twice" (Mr 14:30).
35-38. But now—that you are going forth not as before on a temporary mission, provided for without purse or scrip, but into scenes of continued and severe trial, your methods must be different; for purse and scrip will now be needed for support, and the usual means of defense.
37. the things concerning me—decreed and written.
have an end—are rapidly drawing to a close.
38. two swords … enough—they thinking He referred to present defense, while His answer showed He meant something else.
Lu 22:39-46. Agony in the Garden.
39. as … wont—(See Joh 18:2).
40. the place—the Garden of Gethsemane, on the west or city side of the mount. Comparing all the accounts of this mysterious scene, the facts appear to be these: (1) He bade nine of the Twelve remain "here" while He went and prayed "yonder." (2) He "took the other three, Peter, James, and John, and began to be sore amazed [appalled], sorrowful, and very heavy [oppressed], and said, My soul is exceeding sorrowful even unto death"—"I feel as if nature would sink under this load, as if life were ebbing out, and death coming before its time"—"tarry ye here, and watch with Me"; not, "Witness for Me," but, "Bear Me company." It did Him good, it seems, to have them beside Him. (3) But soon even they were too much for Him: He must be alone. "He was withdrawn from them about a stone's-cast"—though near enough for them to be competent witnesses and kneeled down, uttering that most affecting prayer (Mr 14:36), that if possible "the cup," of His approaching death, "might pass from Him, but if not, His Father's will be done": implying that in itself it was so purely revolting that only its being the Father's will would induce Him to taste it, but that in that view of it He was perfectly prepared to drink it. It is no struggle between a reluctant and a compliant will, but between two views of one event—an abstract and a relative view of it, in the one of which it was revolting, in the other welcome. By signifying how it felt in the one view, He shows His beautiful oneness with ourselves in nature and feeling; by expressing how He regarded it in the other light, He reveals His absolute obediential subjection to His Father. (4) On this, having a momentary relief, for it came upon Him, we imagine, by surges, He returns to the three, and finding them sleeping, He addresses them affectingly, particularly Peter, as in Mr 14:37, 38. He then (5) goes back, not now to kneel, but fell on His face on the ground, saying the same words, but with this turn, "If this cup may not pass," &c. (Mt 26:42)—that is, 'Yes, I understand this mysterious silence (Ps 22:1-6); it may not pass; I am to drink it, and I will'—"Thy will be done!" (6) Again, for a moment relieved, He returns and finds them "sleeping for sorrow," warns them as before, but puts a loving construction upon it, separating between the "willing spirit" and the "weak flesh." (7) Once more, returning to His solitary spot, the surges rise higher, beat more tempestuously, and seem ready to overwhelm Him. To fortify Him for this, "there appeared an angel unto Him from heaven strengthening Him"—not to minister light or comfort (He was to have none of that, and they were not needed nor fitted to convey it), but purely to sustain and brace up sinking nature for a yet hotter and fiercer struggle. And now, He is "in an agony, and prays more earnestly"—even Christ's prayer, it seems, admitted of and now demanded such increase—"and His sweat was as it were great drops [literally, 'clots'] of blood falling down to the ground." What was this? Not His proper sacrificial offering, though essential to it. It was just the internal struggle, apparently hushing itself before, but now swelling up again, convulsing His whole inner man, and this so affecting His animal nature that the sweat oozed out from every pore in thick drops of blood, falling to the ground. It was just shuddering nature and indomitable will struggling together. But again the cry, If it must be, Thy will be done, issues from His lips, and all is over. "The bitterness of death is past." He has anticipated and rehearsed His final conflict, and won the victory—now on the theater of an invincible will, as then on the arena of the Cross. "I will suffer," is the grand result of Gethsemane: "It is finished" is the shout that bursts from the Cross. The Will without the Deed had been all in vain; but His work was consummated when He carried the now manifested Will into the palpable Deed, "by the which WILL we are sanctified THROUGH THE OFFERING OF THE BODY OF Jesus Christ once for all" (Heb 10:10). (8) At the close of the whole scene, finding them still sleeping (worn out with continued sorrow and racking anxiety), He bids them, with an irony of deep emotion, "sleep on now and take their rest, the hour is come, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners, rise, let us be going, the traitor is at hand." And while He spoke, Judas approached with his armed band. Thus they proved "miserable comforters," broken reeds; and thus in His whole work He was alone, and "of the people there was none with Him."
Lu 22:47-54. Betrayal and Apprehension of Jesus—Flight of His Disciples.
Lu 22:55-62. Jesus before Caiaphas—Fall of Peter.
The particulars of these two sections require a combination of all the narratives, for which see on Joh 18:1-27.
61. And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter—(Also see on Mr 14:72.)
62. And Peter went out, and wept bitterly—(Also see on Mr 14:72.)
Lu 22:63-71. Jesus Condemned to Die and Shamefully Entreated.
(See on Mr 14:53-63; Joh 18:19, &c.; and Lu 22:55-62.)